Microgravity; retrievable capsule ejected into higher orbit. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir, carried a Raduga reentry capsule for return of experimental materials to earth. Docked with Mir on 13 Oct 1993 23:24:46 GMT. Undocked on 21 Nov 1993 02:38:43 GMT. Capsule landed in Kazakhstan on 21 Nov 1993 09:06:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.35 days. Total docked time 38.13 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .

Biological, microgravity experiments aboard Spacelab 2. Payloads: Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS) 2, Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II. Additional Details: STS-58. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 .

Retrieved micrometeoroid detectors. References: 66 .

International communications. The Intelsat 7 and 7A series were nearly identical except for an increase in the number of Ku-band transponders in the 7A series. Spacecraft: 3-axis stabilised. Hydrazine propulsion system. Two large solar panels with 1-axis articulation provide 3900W BOL. Payload: 7: 26 C-Band and 10 Ku-Band transponders.18,000 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 90,000 telephone circuits using digital circuit multiplication equipment (DCME).7A: 26 C-Band and 14 Ku-Band transponders.22,500 telephone calls and 3 colour TV broadcasts simultaneously. Or up to 112,500 telephone circuits using DCME. Three independently steerable, high-powered, Ku-band spot beams. Independently steerable C-band spot beam coverage. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Radar calibration mission. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Global Positioning System. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 90 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 111 , 274 .

Installed equipment on exterior of Mir References: 66 .

Cost escalation of the US Space Station Freedom, and financial difficulties in Russia, led to a summer 1993 briefing of NASA by NPO Energia on Mir-2. In November 1993 Freedom, Mir-2, and the European and Japanese modules were incorporated into a single International Space Station.

Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 1 of constellation. Signals at 149.97 and 399.92 MHz. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 107 .

Photo/digital surveillance. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Stationed at 130 deg E. 'Rimsat-1' - leased to Rimsat Corp. Communications satellite. Intended for use under commercial conditions. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 111 , 274 .

Stationed at 0 deg. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 109.2 deg W. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit with GCS trajectory option. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

Manned seven crew. Hubble repair mission. Conducted the most EVAs (5) on a Space Shuttle Flight to that date. Payloads: Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Servicing Mission (SM) 1, IMAX Camera, IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS). Additional Details: STS-61. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 .

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - gyroscope replacement. References: 66 .

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - solar array replacement. References: 66 .

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - WFPC-P installation. References: 66 .

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - COSTAR installation. References: 66 .

Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1 - solar array drive replacement. References: 66 .

NATO encrypted communications relay. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 97 deg W. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit with IFR trajectory option. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

Stationed at 101.2 deg W. DirecTV, Inc. is a subsidiary of Hughes Communications and offers commercial satellite television service to the US. The orbital part of the system consists of 3 Hughes-built geosynchronous satellites. Broadcast services began in mid-1994. Competitors include the similar Primestar and USSB services, as well as older C-band satellite services and cable TV companies. Spacecraft: DirecTV uses the Hughes HS-601 spacecraft design.3-Axis stabilised, zero momentum biased control system. Two solar arrays (4 panels each side) span 31 meters and generate 4.3 kW power. Payload: The 2.5 m diameter graphite transmit reflector performs beam shaping.16 x 120 watt Ka-Band (12.2 - 12.7 GHz) transponders with 48-53 dBw EIRP and 24 MHz bandwidth. Power is higher in areas with heavy rain. The high power combined with Reed Solomon error correction coding allow the use of small 18 inch antennas by customers.
Financial/Operational:
FCC approved Direct Broadcast Satellites in 1986. By 1997 DirecTV had 2.6 million of 5.0 million US direct broadcast television subscribers. Direct Broadcast Satellites cost $ 175 million each and have 150 video channels. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .