Gorizont - Credit: © Mark Wade. 15,623 bytes. 338 x 263 pixels.

The geostationary Gorizont satellite was part of the Russian YeSSS Unified Satellite Communication System . These satellites provided civilian and military telephone, telegraph, and facsimile communications services, in addition to relaying TV and radio broadcasts. Gorizont also supported maritime and international communications from 1988 as an element of the Okean system operating at 1.5 to 1.6 GHz. The KAUR-3 spacecraft bus was 3-axis stabilised using liquid propellant micro-engines to within 0.25 degrees of the earth's centre. The single-unit body was equipped with solar panels, and active liquid-gas phase-change thermoregulation system, and a corrective engine unit for making orbital adjustments. 25 square metres of solar panels provided 1280 W of power. Gorizon was equipped with seven transponders.260 GHz total bandwidth.195 W total transponder power with EIRP of 28 to 38.5 dBW. Frequency bands: 6/4, 14/11, 1.6/1.5 GHz.

Design Life: 3 years. Total Mass: 2,110 kg.

Did not achieve geostationary orbit due to malfunction of Block D. Operation of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and transmission of television programmes.

Stationed at 14 deg W. Statsionar 4.

Stationed at 53 deg E.

Stationed at 14 deg W.

Stationed at 53 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and transmission of television programmes.

Stationed at 90 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and transmission of television programmes.

Stationed at 14 deg W. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 90 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 53 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

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Gorizont 16,280 bytes. 327 x 258 pixels.

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Stationed at 80 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 140 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 345 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 90 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 140 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 346 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 80 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 53 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting. Satellite sold to Rimsat Corporation in June 1993.

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Gorizont Credit: © Mark Wade. 25,787 bytes. 341 x 267 pixels.

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Stationed at 140 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

Stationed at 97.5 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes.

Stationed at 90 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes, continuation of work in the context of the 'Intercosmos' programme for the development of new frequency ranges and the creation of long-range systems of space c ommunications jointly with the Byelorussian SSR, GDR, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

Stationed at 90 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes.

Stationed at 40 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes.

Stationed at 103 deg E. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television broadcasts.

Stationed at 80 deg E. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television broadcasts.

Stationed at 103 deg E. Transmission of Russian radio and television programmes in Siberia and the solution of communications problems in Russia's eastern regions.

Stationed at 349 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system. Launched in the interests of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation.

Stationed at 53 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system.

Stationed at 90 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system.

Stationed at 130 deg E. 'Rimsat-1' - leased to Rimsat Corp. Communications satellite. Intended for use under commercial conditions.

Stationed at 142.5 deg E. 'Rimsat-2' - Leased to Rimsat Corp. Communications satellite. Intended for use under commercial conditions.

Stationed at 39.8E.

Stationed at 53.2E.

First successful Proton/Briz-M launch. The Proton placed the Briz-M/Gorizont payload stack into a suborbital trajectory. The stage then performed four maneuvers to put the satellite into geosynchronous orbit:

• Burn 1 placed the stack into a 200 km, 51.6 deg parking orbit probably inclined at around 51.6
• Burn 2 raised apogee to 6000 km and changed inclination slightly
• Burn 3, at second perigee, four hours after launch put the stack in a 369 x 34,988 km x 48.8 deg transfer orbit. The Briz-M then jettisoned its empty toroidal supplementary fuel tank.
• Burn 4, ten hours after launch, placed Gorizont No. 45L in near-geostationary orbit.

• 67 - Kaesmann, Ferdinand, et. al., Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, "Proton - Development of A Russian Launch Vehicle", 1998, Volume 51, page 3.
• 111 - Novosti Kosmonavtiki, "Zapushchen sputnik 'Gorizont'", 1996, Issue 2, page 24.
• 102 - Voevodin, Sergey A, VSA072 - Space Apparatus, "Sergey A. Voevodin's Reports", . HTML when accessed: http://www.mcs.net/~rusaerog/sergeyv/VSA.html