Mir Expedition EO-17. Docked at the Mir forward port at 00:28 on 1994 October 6. The Mir crew of Viktorenko, Kondakova and Polyakov boarded Soyuz TM-20 on January 11, and undocked from Mir's front port at 09:00 GMT. The spacecraft withdrew to about two hundred metres from Mir and then redocked in a test of the automatic Kurs system, which had failed in Progress M-24's attempted docking. Redocking came at 09:25 GMT. Soyuz TM-20 landed 22 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan at 04:04 GMT on March 22, 1995. References: 2 , 6 , 51 .

Stationed at 176.96 deg E. Launch vehicle put payload into supersynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

18 C-Band transponders. Stationed at 113.06 deg W. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

10 C-band, 2 Ku-band transponders. Stationed at 78.42 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

Oceanography. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

First launch of new Ekspress communications satellite. Replaces Gorizont series. Stationed at 14.00W References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Remote sensing; sun-synch orbit. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 76.61 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

European DBS and radio. Stationed at 19.29 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the last in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1B and 1C's backup. It will also carry four 12.5 Ghz BSS transponders that can be combined for HDTV. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.75-10.95 Ghz FSS (&12.5 Ghz BSS) down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1C, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

Solar wind research in L-1 halo orbit; part of International Solar Terrestrial Physics program. 221 day orbit. NASA's Wind probe made its 32nd lunar flyby on August 19, 2000, with a closest approach of 7600 km to the surface. This placed it on a 2 million km apogee orbit, adjusted on August 26 to an approximately 567000 x 1620000 km x 21.8 deg `Distant Prograde Orbit', reaching apogee on September 29 2000. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

Second launch of new EORSAT, second of three to be stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 215 degree ascending node. However cutbacks in program resulted in the constellation not being completed. Ocean surveillance. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 69 .

Released by STS-66 11/4/94; retrieved 11/12/95; atmospheric research. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

Carried Atlas-3 laboratory; deployed and retrieved CRISTA-SPAS. Payloads: Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS) 3, Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmo-sphere (CRISTA)-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS) 1, Experiment of the Sun for Complement-ing the ATLAS Payload for Education (ESCAPE) II, Inter-Mars Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (ITEPC), Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) A, Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE/NIH-R), Protein Crystal Growth (PCG-TES and PCG-STES), Space Tissue Loss (STL/NIH-C-A), Shuttle Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), Heat Pipe Performance (HPP). Additional Details: STS-66. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 .

Studied natural resources. It carried the German Safir-R1 communications experiment as a secondary attached payload. Expected life 3 to 5 years. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 113 .

Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 13 Nov 1994 09:04:29 GMT. Undocked on 16 Feb 1995 13:03:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 16 Feb 1995 16:45:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 95.17 days. References: 2 , 6 , 275 .

Glonass navigation satellite. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Glonass navigation satellite. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Glonass navigation satellite. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Dong Fang Hong. Stationed at 132 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .

34 Ku-band transponders for TV. Stationed at 37.48 deg W. Launch vehicle put payload into supersynchronous earth orbit with IFR trajectory option. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

Buran Flight 5 (3K1) would have been the first flight of the third orbiter. It would be the first manned Buran flight; the third orbiter was the first outfitted with life support systems and ejection seats. Two cosmonauts would deliver the 37KBI module to Mir, using the Buran manipulator arm to dock it to the station's Kristall module. Final crew selection had still not been made at the time the program was cancelled. The original crew was Volk and Stankiavicius, with Levchenko and Shchukin as back-ups. Both Levchenko and Shchukin died in 1988; Bachurin and Borodai were selected as the new back-up crew. By July 1992 the Soviet Air Force and NPO Energia were still arguing about the final crew composition. The Air Force wanted all test pilot crews (those indicated) while Energia wanted to include a flight engineer in each crew. The Buran project was finally cancelled in June 1993 when further funding was deleted from the Russian space budget. References: 189 , 382 .

CSAR II (Canadian materials processing payload)

Stationed at 95 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. Improved Altair/SR geosynchronous satellite for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Stationed at 70 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Photo/digital surveillance. References: 2 , 6 .