11K69 Model - Credit: © Mark Wade. 6,884 bytes. 92 x 409 pixels.

A government decree of 24 August 1965 ordered development by Yangel of a version of his R-36 rocket to orbit Chelomei's IS (Istrebitel Sputnik) ASAT and US (Upravlenniye Sputnik) naval intelligence satellites. The Tyklon 2 definitive operational version replaced the 11K67 launch vehicle from 1969 and was an adaptation of the 8K69 (SS-9) two stage ICBM. The IS and US Raketoplan-derived payloads had their own engines for insertion into final orbit.

Launches: 103. Failures: 2. Success Rate: 98.06% pct. First Launch Date: 25 January 1969. Last Launch Date: 26 December 1999. LEO Payload: 2,820 kg. to: 200 km Orbit. at: 65.0 degrees. Liftoff Thrust: 241,300 kgf. Total Mass: 182,000 kg. Core Diameter: 3.0 m. Total Length: 39.7 m. Launch Price $: 12.00 million. in 1994 price dollars.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Tsyklon 2-1 Gross Mass: 122,300 kg. Empty Mass: 6,400 kg. Thrust (vac): 270,000 kgf. Isp: 301 sec. Burn time: 120 sec. Isp(sl): 269 sec. Diameter: 3.0 m. Span: 3.0 m. Length: 18.9 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 1. RD-251

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Tsyklon 2-2 Gross Mass: 49,300 kg. Empty Mass: 3,700 kg. Thrust (vac): 95,900 kgf. Isp: 317 sec. Burn time: 160 sec. Diameter: 3.0 m. Span: 3.0 m. Length: 9.4 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 1. RD-252

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Tsyklon 2-3 Gross Mass: 3,200 kg. Empty Mass: 400 kg. Thrust (vac): 7,950 kgf. Isp: 317 sec. Burn time: 112 sec. Diameter: 2.0 m. Span: 2.0 m. Length: 2.5 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 1. RD-861

• Development of R-36-O and Tsyklon launch vehicles authorised Spacecraft: I2P, US-A, FOBS.

  Decree 'On Creation of an R-36 Based Carrier Rocket for Launching the IS and US KA--start of work on an R-36-based launch vehicle for the IS and US programs' was issued. After Khrushchev was ousted from power, Chelomei's projects were examined by an expert commission under M V Keldysh. It was found that Yangel�s R-36 rocket was superior to Chelomei�s UR-200. The UR-200 was cancelled; the IS and US satellites would be launched by the R-36 11K67. The Tsyklon 2 definitive operational version replaced the 11K67 launch vehicle from 1969.

• Tsiklon-2 launch vehicle authorised. Spacecraft: US-A, I2P, Meteor.

  Council of Soviet Ministers (SM) Decree 'On use of the R-36-based launcher for the Kosmos and Meteor satellites' was issued.

• US Project reassigned; R-36-O booster development approved; Yantar-2K and Zvevda 7K-VI approved. Spacecraft: US-A, Yantar-2K, Yantar-4K1, Soyuz VI.

  Decree 715-240 'On the Creation of Space Systems for Naval Reconnaissance Comprising the US sat and the R-36-based booster -further work on the US naval reconnaissance satellite, approval of work on the Yantar-2K, and course of work on 7K-VI Zvezda'.

  An entire family of Yantar spacecraft was proposed by Kozlov�s design bureau during the initial development; information on two film return models has been declassified. Yantar was initially derived from the Soyuz spacecraft, including systems developed for the Soyuz VI military model. During design and development this changed until it had very little in common with Soyuz.

  Following numerous problems in the first flight tests of the Soyuz 7K-OK, Kozlov ordered a complete redesign of the 7K-VI manned military spacecraft. The new spacecraft, with a crew of two, would have a total mass of 6.6 tonnes and could operate for a month in orbit. The new design switched the positions of the Soyuz descent module and the orbital modules and was 300 kg too heavy for the standard 11A511 launch vehicle. Therefore Kozlov designed a new variant of the Soyuz launch vehicle, the 11A511M. The project was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party, with first flight to be in 1968 and operations to begin in 1969. The booster design, with unknown changes to the basic Soyuz, did not go into full production.

• US-A Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  RORSAT hardware, repreentative of production hardware, but using chemical batteries in place of BES-5 nuclear reactor.

• Cosmos 291 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT target. Did not enter intended target orbit due to failure of on-board engine. Launch of ASAT interceptor planned for the next day was cancelled.

• Cosmos 316 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 2. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  RORSAT hardware or unknown spacecraft test.

• Cosmos 367 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 3. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; either chemical batteries or nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 373 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 650 kg.

  ASAT target. Maneuvered twice to provide target for Cosmos 374 and 375 interceptors.

• Cosmos 374 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercepted Cosmos 374 on second orbit. Blown up on instructions from ground.

• Cosmos 375 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercept on second orbit. Blown up on instructions from ground. Dual launch of interceptors was intended to help ground staff perfect computational methods for quick-response launches when orbital methods of target were not precisely known.

• Cosmos 397 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercept and destruction of target successful on second orbit.

• Cosmos 402 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 4. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; either chemical batteries or nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 404 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Conducted an extended test flight to shake out homing system and engine function. Tested new redundant ranging systems. Tested effectiveness of new approach trajectory to target, whereby target was approached from above rather than below. Following completion of tests and verification of system functions via telemetry, spacecraft was commanded to a destructive reentry over the Pacific Ocean.

• Cosmos 462 Spacecraft: I2P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Successfully intercepted and destroyed Cosmos 459 target. This completed state trials test series and in 1972 the Istrebitel Sputnik was adopted as armament for the Soviet Army. Cosmos 462 produced the lowest number of fragments (27) of any of the ASAT's tested.

• Cosmos 469 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 5. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered. First RORSAT flight confirmed by Russian source to have had BES-5 nuclear reactor.

• Cosmos 516 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 6. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• RORSAT failure Spacecraft: US-A. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered. American 'sniffer' aircraft flew over the Pacific after this failure looking for radioisotopes traces in order to characterise the reactor.

• Cosmos 626 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 7. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 651 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 8. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 654 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 9. Mass: 3,800 kg.

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  Tsyklon LV Credit: © Mark Wade. 734 bytes. 36 x 292 pixels.

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  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 699 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 1 Test. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring; exploded 4/17/75.

• Cosmos 723 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 10. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 724 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 11. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• US-A and Tsiklon-2 accepted into military service. Spacecraft: US-A.

  Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On adoption of US-A with Tsiklon-2 into armaments' was issued.

• Cosmos 777 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 2 Test. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring; exploded 1/76.

• Cosmos 785 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 12. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered; failed immediately after reaching orbit.

• Cosmos 804 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. After intercept with target deorbited using on-board engine.

• Cosmos 814 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. After intercept with target deorbited using on-board engine.

• Cosmos 838 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 13. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean monitoring; exploded June/July '76.

• Cosmos 843 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercepted Cosmos 839. Deorbited after test.

• Cosmos 860 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 14. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 861 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 15. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 868 Spacecraft: US-P. Mass: 1,400 kg.

• Cosmos 886 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercepted and destroyed Cosmos 880 target.

• Cosmos 910 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Failed to intercept Cosmos 909. Deorbited using on-board engine.

• Cosmos 918 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Failed to intercept Cosmos 909. Deorbited using on-board engine.

• Cosmos 937 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 3 Test. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 952 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 16. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 954 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 17. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered; re-entered over Canada, spreading radioactive debris.

• Cosmos 961 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Succeeded in intercept of Cosmos 959. Deorbited using on-board engine.

• Cosmos 970 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Intercepted Cosmos 970 target. Ordered to self-destruct following interception.

• Cosmos 1009 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Succeeded in intercept of Cosmos 970. Deorbited using on-board engine.

• Cosmos 1094 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 4. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1096 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 5. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1167 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 6. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1174 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. First test of ASAT after extended storage. Missed Cosmos 1171 target by a large distance; over the two following days two more attempts were made with the backup engine, but all failed. On 20 April the satellite was ordered to self-destruct in orbit, ending the longest ASAT interceptor mission.

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  Tsiklon on pad - Tsiklon on pad at Plesetsk 16,481 bytes. 201 x 286 pixels.

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• Cosmos 1176 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 18. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered; test flight of modified design.

• Cosmos 1220 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 7. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1243 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Approached within 50 m of target, but explosive charge did not go off as planned. Deorbited to destructive reentry in the atmosphere.

• Cosmos 1249 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 19. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1258 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Failed to intercept Cosmos 1241 target. Deorbited to destructive reentry in the atmosphere.

• Cosmos 1260 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 8. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1266 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 20. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1286 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 9. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1299 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 21. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1306 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 10. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring; replaced Cosmos 1260.

• Cosmos 1337 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 11. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1355 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 12. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1365 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 22. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1372 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 23. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1379 Spacecraft: IS-A. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  ASAT interceptor. Succeeded in intercept of Cosmos 1375 target. Deorbited using on-board engine. Final test of series.

• Cosmos 1402 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 24. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1405 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 13. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1412 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 25. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1461 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 14. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1507 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 15. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1567 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 16. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1579 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 26. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1588 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 17. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1607 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 27. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1625 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 18. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1646 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 19. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean monitoring.

• Cosmos 1670 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 28. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1677 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 29. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1682 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 20. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1735 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 21. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1736 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 30. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1737 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 22. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1769 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 23. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1771 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 31. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1818 Spacecraft: US-AM. Payload: US-AM no. 1. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1834 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 24. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1860 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 32. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1867 Spacecraft: US-AM. Payload: US-AM no. 2. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered. - Tested Plasma-2 SPT electric engine.

• Cosmos 1890 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 25. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1900 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 33. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1900 Spacecraft: US-A.

• Cosmos 1932 Spacecraft: US-A. Payload: US-A no. 34. Mass: 3,800 kg.

  Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered.

• Cosmos 1949 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 26. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 1979 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 27. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2033 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 28. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2046 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 29. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2051 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 30. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2060 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 31. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2096 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 32. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2103 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 33. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2107 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 34. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2122 Spacecraft: US-P. Payload: US-P no. 35. Mass: 3,000 kg.

  Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2238 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 1. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  First launch of new EORSAT, first of at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 0 degree ascending node. Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2244 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 2. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  Second launch of new EORSAT, second of three stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 0 degree ascending node.

• Cosmos 2258 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 3. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  Third launch of new EORSAT, final of three stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 0 degree ascending node. Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2264 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 4. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  EORSAT, first of three to be stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 215 degree ascending node. However cutbacks in program resulted in the constellation not being completed. Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2293 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 5. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  Second launch of new EORSAT, second of three to be stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 215 degree ascending node. However cutbacks in program resulted in the constellation not being completed. Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2313 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 6. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  EORSAT, first of three to be stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 143 degree ascending node. However cutbacks in program resulted in the constellation not being completed. Ocean surveillance.

• Cosmos 2326 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 7. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  EORSAT, placed in 215 degree ascending node orbital slot. Ocean surveillance; also performed astrophysics research.

• Cosmos 2335 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 8. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  EORSAT, second of three to be stationed at 120 degree intervals on the same orbit with a 143 degree ascending node. However cutbacks in program resulted in the constellation not being completed. Still in operation as of December 1997.

• Cosmos 2347 Spacecraft: US-PM. Payload: US-PM s/n 9. Mass: 3,150 kg.

  EORSAT, in the 217 degree ascending node slot. Still in operation as of December 1997.

• Cosmos 2367 Spacecraft: US-PM.

  Passive naval electronic intelligence satellite. The satellite was placed in an initial 147 km x 442 km orbit at 65 degree inclination. The US-PM's propulsion module fired at apogee to circularize the orbit. Replaced the only previous remaining US-PM satellite which ended operations in November and reentered earlier in December 1999.

• 42 - Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991.
• 61 - Wilson, Andrew, editor,, Jane's/Interavia Space Directory, Jane's Information Group, Coulsdon, Surrey, 1992 et al.
• 455 - Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Third Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 2000.