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| Tsiklon on pad - Tsiklon on pad at Plesetsk 16,481 bytes. 201 x 286 pixels. |
Filial 4 of NII MO began work in 1967 on military operations plans for the 1971-1980 period. These were completed as plan Prognoz and Sirius Phase I in 1970. One objective of the plans was to reduce the number of military space launch vehicles from ten to three. The medium category space launch vehicle would replace the Vostok launcher and be used for multiple payload launches of Strela-class store-dump communications satellites, and single payload launch of Tselina-D ELINT and Meteor weather satellites. Development work was authorized by a government decree of 2 January 1970. The booster was a modification of the 8K68 (SS-9 Mod 2) ICBM with an S5M third stage. In comparison with the Tsklon 2, the launch vehicle increased payload to 4 tonnes, provided for completely automated launch operations, and had increased orbital injection accuracy. The S5M stage was a development of the R-36-O deorbit stage. Later in its life Tsyklon 3 was also used for launch of AUOS scientific and Okean-O radar satellites. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Ukrainian manufacturer ended up in a different country, inappropriate for a launcher used for national security payloads. Existing stocks of the vehicle were used, but no new ones were built. In 1998 the launch team at Baikonur was dissolved and only four remained in reserve storage.
Launches: 117. Failures: 5. Success Rate: 95.73% pct. First Launch Date: 24 June 1977. Last Launch Date: 15 June 1998. LEO Payload: 4,100 kg. to: 200 km Orbit. at: 66.0 degrees. Liftoff Thrust: 276,600 kgf. Total Mass: 189,000 kg. Core Diameter: 3.0 m. Total Length: 39.3 m. Launch Price $: 15.00 million. in 1994 price dollars.
Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On the Creation of the Carrier-Rocket 11K68 on The Basis of 11K69 RN and S5M Stage for Launch of Space Apparatus 'Tselina' and .Meteor'--approval of work on the Tsiklon-3 RN
Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Launched with Cosmos-1045. Amateur radiocommunication and scientific and technical experiments and study projects by students at higher educational establishments.
Launched with Cosmos-1045. Amateur radiocommunication and scientific and technical experiments and study projects by students at higher educational establishments.
Probable oceanographic. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Test mission of Okean satellite without the radar. Development of methods for obtaining operational information on the Pacific Ocean.
Test mission of Okean satellite without the radar. Testing of methods for obtaining operational information on the oceans.
Carried Soviet/French magnetosphere and ionosphere experiments. Investigation of physical processes in the earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, and study of the nature of polar aurorae. Carried scientific equipment developed by Soviet and French specialists under the joint Soviet-French project 'Arkad-3'.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Acquisition of meteorological information and data on fluxes of penetrating radiation in circumterrestrial space.
Replaced Cosmos 1378.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Elaboration of new kinds of information-measuring apparatus and methods of remote investigation of the Pacific Ocean in the interests of science and of various branches of the national economy of the USSR.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Gathering of operational information and continued trials of new kinds of information and measurement apparatus and methods of remote investigation of the seas and oceans and the earth's surface in the interests of science and of various branches of the n ational economy of the USSR.
Replaced Cosmos 1455.
Unusable orbit. First launch of new Meteor-3 spacecraft.
Mass model of Strela-3.
Mass model of Strela-3.
First launch of new Strela-3 store-dump military communications satellite. Six Strelas are put into medium earth orbits with each launch. In the first two launches, four of the satellites are mass-model mockups.
Mass model of Strela-3.
Mass model of Strela-3.
 | Tsyklon LV Credit: © Mark Wade. 734 bytes. 36 x 292 pixels. |
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Replaced Cosmos 1470.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Replaced Cosmos 1536.
Mass model of Strela-3.
Mass model of Strela-3.
Mass model of Strela-3.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Mass model of Strela-3.
First successful launch of new Meteor-3 spacecraft. Further improvement of the meteorological system using artificial earth satellite, including development of informational and measurement apparatus and remote sensing methods.
Replaced Cosmos 1674.
Replaced Cosmos 1515.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Replaced Cosmos 1544.
Replaced Cosmos 1626.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Replaced Cosmos 1666.
Oceanographic. Acquisition of operational oceanographic information in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation; continued trials of new types of informational and measurement apparatus and methods of remote sen sing of the earth's surface and atmosphere.
First attempted launch of full load of Strela-3 military store-dump communications satellite fails to reach orbit.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Development of research apparatus and methods of remote sensing and monitoring of the Earth's ionosphere, and also study of the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Ocean surveillance.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Ocean surveillance.
First fully operational Strela-3 launch. Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Oceanographic. Acquisition of operational oceanographic information in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
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Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Outer space research.
Oceanographic. Gathering of up-to-date oceanographic information and data on ice conditions in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation.
Continued improvement of the meteorological system using artificial earth satellites, including the testing of information-gathering and measuring apparatus and of remote sensing methods.
Investigation of outer space.
Radar calibration mission. Believed to be a modernised version of the Taifun-1 satellite. Released 36 Romb radar calibration subsatellites.
Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space.
Investigation of outer space.
Eight satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
US participation; particles and fields experiments; deployed Magion 2. Comprehensive study of the processes of propagation of low-frequency electromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere and their interaction with charged particles of the radiation belts, in cooperation with Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democrati c Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania (the international scientific project entitled 'Aktivny'). Carrying the Czechoslovak Magion-2 satellite.
Deployed from Intercosmos 24 10/3/89; examined signal propogation from Intercosmos 24. Research of the magnetosphere and the ionosphere of the Earth. The Czechoslovak satellite Magion 2 was launched into orbit by the Soviet spacecraft Intercosmos 24. Magion 2 forms a part of the scientific programme of Intercosmos 24 (project Aktivnyj) Exe cution of the scientific programme of the 'Aktivny' project in conjunction with Intercosmos-24, permitting simultaneous spatially separating investigations of plasma processes in circumterrestrial space.
Testing data-measuring equipment and methods for remote sensing of the atmosphere and Earth's surface to benefit the Soviet economy and science.
Believed to be a modernised version of the Taifun-1 satellite, built by NPO Yuzhnoe. The satellite carried 36 small Calibration Spherical Object subsatellites to test Russian radars. These were released between December 27, 1989 and November 1, 1991. While Cosmos 2053 re-entered in 1997, by May 1999 the S5M upper stage was still in a 471 km x 485 km x 73.5 deg orbit. An on-board explosion blew it into 25 new objects.
Investigation of outer space.
Oceanographic remote sensing. Gathering of up-to-date oceanographic information and data on ice conditions in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation.
Gathering round-the-clock meteorological information.
Investigation of outer space.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Gathering round-the-clock meteorological information.
Released 27 Romb radar calibration subsatellites.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Testing data-measuring equipment and methods for remote sensing of the atmosphere and Earth's surface to benefit the Soviet economy and science.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Oceanography. Gathering of up-to-date oceanographic information and data on ice conditions in the interests of the Soviet economy and international cooperation.
Investigation of outer space.
Also carried US TOMS instrument. Gathering of hydrometeorological data; testing of data-gathering and measuring equipment, of optical and mechanical television and radiometric scanning apparatus, of instruments for geophysical research and of methods for the remote sensing of the atmosph ere and the Earth's surface for various branches of the USSR economy and science; charting the state of the ozone layer, using American TOMS equipment.
Eight satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Separated from Intercosmos 25 on 12/28/91; geophysical. Research of magnetosphere nad the ionosphere of the Earth by passive and active methods. Launched on 18 Dec 1991. The Czechoslovak satellite Magion 3 forms, together with the spacecraft Intercosmos 25, part of the Apex scientific project. Magion 3 was sep arated into an autonomous orbit on 28 Dec 1991. Magion 3 was launched into orbit by the Soviet spacecraft Intercosmos 25.
Solar activity monitoring; hosted experiments from Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary. Comprehensive study of the effects of artificial impact of modulated electron flows and plasma beams on the ionosphere and magnetosphere of the Earth (forming part of the Apex international scientific project, conducted jointly with Bulgaria, Czechoslovak ia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania.) Launched with the Czechoslovak satellite Magion-3, separated from the space object Intercosmos-25 on 28 Dec 1991, in accordance with the scientific programme of the Apex project.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Test flight of new Gonets commercial communication system. Investigation of outer space.
Test flight of new Gonets commercial communication system. Investigation of outer space.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Investigation of outer space.
Investigation of outer space.
Investigation of outer space.
Ocean surveillance. Investigation of outer space.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Obtaining meteorological data and information on the radiation status of geovicinal outer space. The satellite included the Temisat German small space facility, which was separated from Meteor-2 on the seventh transit of the flight. The Temisat facility w ill, in agreement the Kaiser-Threde Company (Munich), be registered by the Italian partner.
Telespazio Micro Satellite; demonstration of data relay system. Environmental measurements are acquired through ground sensors, collected, temporarily stored on the ground, and logged by an autonomous terminal until upload request is received from TEMISAT.Characteristics: (a) Mass 42 kg (b) Dimension 35 x 35 x 35 cm, (c) Electric power 62 W Max, (d) Attitude control : 2 magnetic coil, 1 Am**2, (e) On-board memories - 2 of 8.5 Mbytes each, (f) Lifetime 5 years. Drift of the ascending node of orbital plane: 0.8 deg/d westwards. Copassenger of METEOR 2 satellite.
Test of spacecraft attitude control system.
Also carried German geodetic package, French radiometer. Obtain meterological and solar-terrestrial data. The space object Meteor 3 included the small German satellite Tubsat which was separated from the space object Meteor 3 on the second orbit.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. The space objects served the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.
Solar and space physics. Conduct of comprehensive investigations of the sun under the Coronas-I international project developed by Russian and Ukranian experimts in cooperation with specialists from Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, France, and the United Kingdom.
Destroyed by launch safety.
Oceanography.
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Chile's first satellite built through a technology transfer programme with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Carried store and forward and Earth observation payloads. Decommissioned as of 2000.
Oceanographic remote sensing; carried FASat-Alfa microsat for Chile that failed to deploy.
LEO. Carried photo-surveillance system for disaster monitoring; also carried communications package
LEO. Carried photo-surveillance system for disaster monitoring; also carried communications package
LEO. Carried photo-surveillance system for disaster monitoring; also carried communications package
Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.
Six Strela-3 military communications satellites launched as usual by a single launch vehicle. However the S5M third stage cut off early during its circulisation burn, leaving the satellites in elliptical 1300 x 1900 km orbits.