| astronautix.com | Chronology - 1995 - Quarter 1 |
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- 1995 January - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Chinese Supergun.
The Chinese army unveiled a 21 m long supergun capable of firing large artillery shells into South Korea and Taiwan. The gun could fire 85 mm shells over a 300 km range.
- 1995 During the Year - Nation: USA.
When doubts about the availability of Soyuz developed in 1995, NASA proceeded with development of the X-38, a NASA Johnson concept - a smaller version of the X-24 lifting body with a parafoil.
- 1995 Jan 10 - - 06:18 GMT. Nation: International. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas IIAS. LV Configuration: Atlas IIAS (1N) s/n AC-113 / Centaur II s/n 8203.
Stationed at 66.0 deg E. Launch vehicle put payload into supersynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
- 1995 Jan 15 - - 13:45 GMT. Nation: Japan. Launch Site: Kagoshima . Launch Complex: M. Launch Vehicle: Mu-3S. LV Configuration: Mu-3S-II s/n M-3S2-8. FAILURE: Second stage guidance error, orbit too low. Partial Failure.
At first thought not to have reached orbit. Later reentry vehicle was discovered in Ghana having reentered and deployed its parachute on Jan 15. References: 5 .
- 1995 Jan 24 - - 03:54 GMT. Nation: Sweden. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
Auroral plasma and auroral imaging. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Store/forward communications. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Civilian navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 13 of constellation. Maritime navigation. Signals at 150,00 MHz and 400.00 MHz. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 107 .
- 1995 Jan 25 - - 19:26 GMT. Nation: China. Launch Site: Xichang . Launch Complex: LC2. Launch Vehicle: CZ-2E. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 2E s/n CZ2E-5. FAILURE: Shortcomings in the guidance system lead to the vehicle not anticipating the true effects of hoizontal wind-shear once the mountains surrounding the launch site were cleared. This caused the nose fairing to collapse and the spacecraft to be destroyed.
Because the Apstar failure happened a few seconds later than Optus, the consequences were catastrophic. The vehicle was destroyed, and the falling wreckage landed on a village down-range of the launch site, killing at least 20 and perhaps as many as 120 people. References: 5 .
- 1995 Jan 29 - - 01:25 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36A. Launch Vehicle: Atlas II. LV Configuration: Atlas II (3) s/n AC-112 / Centaur II s/n 8110.
UHF Follow-On #4; US Navy communications . Stationed at 177.0 deg W. Launch vehicle put payload into subsynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
- 1995 Feb 3 - - 05:22 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-63.
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration spheres; deployed from STS 63 2/4/95. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration spheres; deployed from STS 63 2/4/95. Reentered Sep 29 References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 276 .
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration spheres; deployed from STS 63 2/4/95. Reentered? References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration spheres; deployed from STS 63 2/4/95. Reentered Mar 2 References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 276 .
Orbital Debris Radar Calibration spheres; deployed from STS 63 2/4/95. Reentered Feb 27 References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 276 .
Reentered? References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Retrievable payload to observe galactic dust in far UV; deployed from STS 63 2/7/95, retrieved 2/9/95. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 276 .
Deployed ODERACS 2A-2E; deployed and retrieved Spartan 204. Discovery rendezvoused with Russia's space station, Mir, to a distance of 11 m and performed a fly-around, but did not dock with Mir. Payloads: SPACEHAB 03, Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy (SPARTAN) 204, Cryo Systems Experiment (CSE)/GLO-2 Experi-ment Payload (CGP)/Orbital Debris Radar Calibration Spheres (ODERACS) 2, Solid Surface Combustion Experiment (SSCE), Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS), IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) Additional Details: STS-63. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 .
- 1995 Feb 9 - Nation: USA.
Tested tools and techniques for extravehicular activity. References: 66 .
- 1995 Feb 15 - - 16:48 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U s/n Ya15000-641.
Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 17 Feb 1995 18:21:34 GMT. Undocked on 15 Mar 1995 02:26:38 GMT. Destroyed in reentry over the Pacific Ocean on 15 Mar 1995 06:15:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.22 days. Total docked time 25.34 days. References: 2 , 6 , 275 , 276 .
- 1995 Feb 16 - - 16:19 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
234 orbits. Carried Russian, French, German micro-gravity experiments. Landed in Russia Mar 3 References: 2 , 6 , 69 , 276 .
- 1995 Mar 2 - - 06:38 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-67.
- 1995 Mar 2 - - 12:57 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. Reentered on October 30, 2000. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
- 1995 Mar 2 - - 06:38 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39A. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-67.
Carried Astro 2 astronomy payload with 3 UV telescopes.(attached to Endeavour).Payloads: Ultraviolet Astronomy (ASTRO) 2; Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE); Protein Crystal Growth�Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-TES) 03; Protein Crystal Growth�Single-Locker Thermal Enclosure System (PCG-STES) 02; Commercial Materials Dispersion Apparatus Minilab/Instrumentation Technology Associates, Inc. Experiments (CMIX) 03; Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX) II; two getaway special experiments. Additional Details: STS-67. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 .
- 1995 Mar 7 - - 09:23 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200L. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 370-02 / 11S861 s/n 76L.
Glonass navigation satellite. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
Glonass navigation satellite. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
Glonass navigation satellite. Plane 2. Put into service 6 April 1995. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
- 1995 Mar 14 - - 06:11 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.
Mir Expedition EO-18. Soyuz TM-21 carried the EO-18 Mir crew and American Norman Thagard. Thagard was the first American to be launched in a Soyuz. Soyuz docked with Mir at 07:45:26 GMT on March 16 . On July 4 Soyuz TM-21 undocked and backed off to a distance of 100 m from Mir. The US space shuttle Atlantis, with the EO-18 crew aboard, then undocked and began a flyaround at a distance of 210 m, while the EO-19 crew aboard Soyuz took pictures before redocking with the station. Soyuz TM-21 again undocked with the EO-19 crew on September 11 from the Kvant rear port on Mir and landed at 50 deg 41'N 68 deg 15'E, 108 km northeast of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan, at 06:52:40 GMT . Additional Details: Soyuz TM-21. References: 2 , 6 , 51 , 276 .
- 1995 Mar 18 - - 21:36 GMT. Nation: Japan. Launch Site: Tanegashima . Launch Complex: Y. Launch Vehicle: H-2. LV Configuration: H-II(2S) s/n H-II-3F.
Geostationary Meteorological Satellite; carried search and rescue package. Stationed at 140.2 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Space Flyer Unit; carried materials, astronomy, biological experiments; retrieved by STS-72 1/20/96. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Nerve gas attack in Tokyo subway kills eight and injures thousands. The Aum Shinrikyo (Supreme Truth) cult is to blame
- 1995 Mar 22 - - 04:04 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 2 of constellation. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 107 .
- 1995 Mar 22 - - 16:48 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 2 , 6 , 179 , 276 .
- 1995 Mar 22 - - 06:18 GMT. Nation: International. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas IIAS. LV Configuration: Atlas IIAS (1N) s/n AC-115 / Centaur II.
Stationed at 50.1 deg W. Launch vehicle put payload into supersynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
- 1995 Mar 24 - - 14:09 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas s/n 45E / Star-37S-ISS.
- 1995 Mar 24 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg .
Final launch of an Atlas E booster from Vandenberg AFB (first launch on 7 June 1961). References: 88 .
- 1995 Mar 28 - - 23:14 GMT. Nation: Brazil. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ s/n V71.
Stationed at 65.1 deg W. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
- 1995 Mar 28 - - 09:00 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Start. FAILURE: Fell in Sea of Okhotsk.
Eksperimentalniy Kosmicheskiy Apparat - dummy of test satellite. References: 2 , 5 .
- 1995 Mar 28 - - 23:14 GMT. Nation: Europe. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ s/n V71.
Stationed at 13.0 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
- 1995 Mar 28 - - 09:00 GMT. Nation: Mexico. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Start. FAILURE: Fell in Sea of Okhotsk.
UNAMSAT was an AMSAT Microsat class amateur radio satellite built by UNAM, the Autonomous University of Mexico. References: 2 , 5 .
- 1995 Mar 28 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Aries.
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