| astronautix.com | December 20 |
1946 - Nation: USA.
Bell flight 6. Familiarization powered flight. References: 49 , 97 .
1960 - - 20:32 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: LC75-3-5. Launch Vehicle: Thor Agena B. LV Configuration: Thor s/n 258 / Agena B s/n 1101.
Tested IR sensors for Midas program; did not carry camera or film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1961 - Nation: USA.
The General Assembly of the United Nations unanimously adopted Resolution 1721 (XIV) on international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. References: 16 .
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC11. Launch Vehicle: Atlas F. LV Configuration: Atlas 6F. FAILURE: Hydraulics Failure.
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
NASA announced that Douglas Aircraft had been selected for negotiation of a contract to modify the Saturn S-IV stage by installing a single 200,000-pound-thrust, Rocketdyne J-2 liquid-hydrogen/liquid-oxygen engine instead of six 15,000-pound-thrust P. & W. hydrogen/oxygen engines. Known as S-IVB, this modified stage will be used in advanced Saturn configurations for manned circumlunar Apollo missions. References: 18 , 27 .
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 3 Flight 13.
Maximum Speed - 6103 kph. Maximum Altitude - 48900 m. References: 38 , 49 , 97 .
1963 - Nation: USA.
NASA selected The Boeing Company to build five Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. Beginning in 1966, Lunar Orbiters would take close-range photographs of the moon and transmit them by telemetry back to earth. The spacecraft would also detect radiation and micrometeoroid density and supply tracking data on the gravitational field of the moon. Information derived from the project (managed by Langley Research Center) would aid in the selection of lunar landing sites. References: 16 .
1966 - - 02:20 GMT. Nation: Japan. Launch Site: Kagoshima . Launch Complex: L. Launch Vehicle: L-4S. LV Configuration: Lambda 4S s/n L-4S-2. FAILURE: Fourth stage failed to ignite.
1968 - - 23:55 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63.
Air density, auroral investigations. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .
1969 - - 03:36 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
Possible navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1971 - - 01:10 GMT. Nation: International. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36A. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur SLV-3C. LV Configuration: Atlas SLV-3C s/n AC-26 / Centaur D-1A s/n 5006C.
Over Atlantic. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
1971 - - 23:02 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 64 .
1972 - - 21:20 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC13. Launch Vehicle: Atlas / Agena D SLV-3A. LV Configuration: Atlas s/n 5204A / Agena D A s/n 2805.
First launch of improved ELINT satellite. In comparison to earlier Canyon ELINT satellites, Improved Canyon had a similar but heavier payload which separated from the Agena D final stage. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 172 , 278 .
1975 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
1977 - - 15:50 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1978 - - 20:42 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 47182-425.
Probable failure. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1981 - Nation: Europe. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA1. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 1.
Ariane L-04 technological capsule, ESA designator ESA/81/04. The technological capsule, equipped with batteries for a lifetime of about 6 orbital revolutions (65h), transmits to earth technological data about test flight L-04 of Ariane. After discharge of the battery the capsule will stop its transmissions and remain in orbit in an inactive status. Frequency 136-138 MHz, projected time of reentry before 1990. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
MARECS-A was a geostationary maritime communications satellite, which formed part of INMARSAT's world-wide maritime communications satellite network. MARECS-A moved to a new position on the geostationary orbit. Old position: 334E. New position: 22.5 E. The Marecs satellites were members of Inmarsat's first generation global maritime communications network. Additional Details: MARECS 1. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Launch vehicle test payload. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
1984 - - 13:12 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 47134-127.
Radar calibration mission. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1989 - - 03:31 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 s/n 039.
Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir; carried US microgravity payload. Delivered various cargoes to the Mir orbital station, including scientific apparatus produced in the United States of America and intended, pursuant to a commercial agreement, for the conduct of experiments on space biotechnology. Docked with Mir on 22 Dec 1989 05:41:21 GMT. Undocked on 9 Feb 1990 02:33:07 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 9 Feb 1990 07:56:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.31 days. Total docked time 48.87 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .
1990 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Rokot. LV Configuration: Rokot (2 stage).
Suborbital. References: 5 .
1990 - - 11:35 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC81L. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 361-01 / 11S861 s/n 48L.
Stationed at 85 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
1991 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Rokot.
Suborbital. References: 5 .
1994 - - 05:16 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
1995 - - 00:52 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2.
EORSAT, placed in 215 degree ascending node orbital slot. Ocean surveillance; also performed astrophysics research. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 69 , 276 .
1996 - - 06:43 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 4 of constellation. Signals at 149.97 and 399.92 MHz. References: 4 , 107 .
1996 - - 18:04 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4E. Launch Vehicle: Titan 4. LV Configuration: Titan 404A s/n K-13 (45J-5).
1997 - - 08:45 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir at the rear Kvant port on 22 Dec 1997 10:22:20 GMT. Undocked on 30 Jan 1998 12:00:00 GMT. Redocked with Mir on 23 Feb 1998 09:42:28 GMT. Final undocking 15 Mar 1998 19:16:01 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 15 Mar 1998 23:04:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.23 days. Total docked time 59.47 days. References: 4 , 275 , 276 .
1997 - - 13:16 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC2W. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7920-10C / Delta s/n 251.
Plane 2. Ascending node 199.4 degrees. References: 4 .
Plane 2. Ascending node 199.4 degrees. References: 4 .
Plane 2. Ascending node 199.4 degrees. References: 4 .
Plane 2. Ascending node 199.4 degrees. References: 4 .
Plane 2. Ascending node 199.4 degrees. Should be 25105. References: 4 .
1999 - - 00:50 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-103.
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission SM-3A, delayed repeatedly by technical problems with the shuttle fleet after the near-disastrous previous launch. Finally launched after the last possible day to avoid Y2K computer problems; one spacewalk was cancelled so that the shuttle could return by December 28. Hubble was in a 591 km x 610 km x 28.5 deg orbit at launch. After separation of the external tank ET-101 the Orbiter was in a 56 km x 587 km x 28.5 deg transfer orbit. The OMS 2 burn at 0134 UTC raised the orbit to 313 km x 582 km. The payload bay contained: