Eight satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1386. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 179 .

TV. BS-2a (Yuri-2a). Domestic satellite broadcasting; development of broadcasting satellite technology. Launch 0758 GMT. N launch vehicle flight no 12. Launching organization NASDA. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Radar calibration mission. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Payload stranded in LEO. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Chalet ELINT satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1428. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Deployed from STS 41B 2/5/84; Integrated Rendezvous Target. Spent boosters, spent maneuvering stages, shrouds and other non-functional objects (US Cat D). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Deployed from STS 41B 2/4/84; failed to reach proper orbit; recovered by STS-51A. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

German-built Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS), first flown on STS-7, became first satellite refurbished and flown again. SPAS remained in payload bay due to electrical problem with Remote Manipulator System (RMS). References: 279 .

Manned five crew. Deployed Westar 6, Palapa B2; tested Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU). Payloads: PALAPA-B2 (Indonesian communications satellite) with Payload Assist Module (PAM)-D and WESTAR (Western Union communications satellite)-Vl with PAM-D. Both satellites were deployed but the PAM-D in each satellite failed to ignite, leaving both satellites in earth orbit. Both satellites were retrieved and returned to earth for renovation on the STS-51-A mission. The manned maneuvering unit (MMU) was tested with extravehicular astronauts as free flyers without tethers as far as 98 m from the orbiter. Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS)-01 experiments, Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR), Isoelectric Focusing Experiment (lEF), Acoustic Containerless Experiment System (ACES), Cinema 360 cameras, five getaway specials (GAS), Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification (ACIP)/High Resolution Accelerom-eter Package (HIRAP). Additional Details: STS-41-B. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 33 .

Deployed from STS 41B 2/4/84; failed to reach proper orbit; recovered by STS-51A. The Westar series of geostationary spacecraft provide commercial communications services for Western Union. Westar 6 failed to achieve geosynchronous orbit after being deployed from the Space Shuttle. It was later retrieved by another Shuttle mission (November 14, 1984) and returned for refurbishment and relaunch. All Westars have been launched by NASA on a reimbursable basis. Spacecraft: Westar uses the Hughes HS-376 spacecraft design. Spin stabilised with a despun antenna section. Body mounted solar cells. Once on orbit, an outer cylinder deploys downward in 'dixie-cup' fashion to increase the solar panel area. Payload: Westar spacecraft typically carried 12 to 24 transponders in the 4-6 GHz range. A single antenna reflector (72 inch diameter) is used with an array of offset feed horns. The reflector uses two polarisation-selective surfaces for horizontal and vertical polarised signals. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Deployed from NOSS 6. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

Deployed from NOSS 6. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

Ocean surveillance; aka White Cloud type spacecraft; Navy Ocean Surveillance Satellite; PARCAE. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 172 , 278 .

Tested MMU manoeuvring unit in free flight. References: 66 .

Manned three crew. Docked with Salyut 7. Transported a crew consisting of ship's commander L D Kizim, flight engineer V A Solovyov and cosmonaut-research O Y Atkov to the SALYUT-7 orbital station to conduct scientific and technical studies and experiments. Returned crew of Soyuz T-11 to Earth. Recovered April 11, 1984 10:50 GMT. Landed 160 km E Dzehezkazgan. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 32 , 33 , 51 .

Tested MMU manoeuvring unit in free flight. References: 66 .

Optical investigations of ionosphere. EXOS-C (OHZORA). Optical study of the stratosphere and middle atmosphere. Study of the specific phenomena of the ionospheric plasma over the southern Atlantic geomagnetic anomaly zone which was discovered by the third scientific satellite 'TAIYO'. Launch vehicle Mu-3S-4, launching organization ISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science). Launch time 0800 GMT. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 84 deg. E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Replaced Cosmos 1420. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 23 Feb 1984 08:21:00 GMT. Undocked on 31 Mar 1984 09:40:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 1 Apr 1984 18:18:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.43 days. Total docked time 37.05 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 179 .

By early 1984 work on Mir ground to a halt as all resources were put on getting the Buran space shuttle into flight test. This changed in the spring 1984 when Glushko was called into the office of the Central Committee's Secretary for Space and Defence and ordered to orbit Mir by the 27th Communist Party Congress in the spring of 1986.

Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

77% of the tests of the OK were automated, compared with only 5% for the Soyuz-TM.

University of Surrey experimental microsatellite. Built in only 6 months, UoSAT-2 carried the first modern digital store and forward (S&F) communications payload and a prototype CCD camera. Also performed magnetospheric studies. Launch time 1759 GMT. Still operational in 2000. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Planned TDRS/IUS deployment shuttle mission. Cancelled after IUS failures.

Stationed at 79 deg E. Investigation of outer space; experiments in relaying telegraph and telephone information in the centimetre wavelength range. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 112 , 274 .

Replaced Cosmos 1278. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 355 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 100 .

Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Scientific mission using spacecraft based on Vostok/Zenit design. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Stationed at 99 deg E. Transmission of Central Television programmes to a network of receivers for collective use. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Replaced Molniya 1-51. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Stationed at 23 deg W. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 107 , 274 .