Mir was rolled outside of its clean room to conduct communications tests of the Altair system with the Cosmos 1700 satellite already in orbit.

Released 25 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

First flight of Resurs-O1. Acquisition of operational information on the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR; continued trials of new types of informational and measurement apparatus and methods of remote sensing of the earth's surface and atmosphere. Operated for one year, two months. Re-entered January 14, 2001. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 113 .

Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Manned five crew. Atlantis (first flight); deployed USA 11, USA 12. Reusable space transportation system.

Orbits of Earth: 63. Landed at: Runway 23 dry lake bed at Edwards Air Force Base, . Touchdown miss distance: 754.00 m. Landing Rollout: 2,455.00 m. Payloads: Classified DoD Mission - Record altitude (as of 5/93). Additional Details: STS-51-J. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 33 .

Released from STS 51J 10/4/85. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released from STS 51J 10/4/85; boosted into orbit with DSCS 3 F3 on single IUS booster. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Maximum speed 270 kph. Time 12 minutes. References: 81 .

Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .

Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Maximum speed 300 kph. References: 81 .

Space Launch Complex 6, site of future Space Shuttle operations, declared operational. However, much additional work and testing required. References: 88 .

Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Photo surveillance; film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

First launch of new Tselina-2 ELINT satellite on Zenit-2 launch vehicle. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Replaced Cosmos 1541. Covered Oko constellation plane 3 - 351 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 100 .

First launch of Ground Launch Cruise Missile from Vandenberg AFB. References: 88 .

Replaced Molniya 1-58. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

First successful launch of new Meteor-3 spacecraft. Further improvement of the meteorological system using artificial earth satellite, including development of informational and measurement apparatus and remote sensing methods. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 115 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 179 .

Stationed at 95 deg E. Experimental retransmission of telephone and telegraph data in the centimetre band. First launch in Altair/SR system for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. First tests with Mir were conducted on 29 March 1986 using Mir�s large aft antenna communicating with Cosmos 1700 stationed in geosynchronous orbit at 95 degrees East. In September 1986 Cosmos 1700 ceased operating and drifted off its geosynchronous orbit position. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Replaced Molniya 1-56. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released from STS 61A 11/1/85. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Manned eight crew. Launched GLOMR; carried Spacelab D1. Payloads: Spacelab D-1 with habitable module and 76 experiments. Six of the eight crew members were divided into a blue and red team working 12-hour shifts for 24-hour-a-day operation. The remaining two crew members were 'switch hitters.'. Additional Details: STS-61-A. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 33 .

Flight test vehicle for Exoatmospheric Re-Entry Interceptor Subsystem, an anti-ballistic missile hit-to-kill interceptor warhead. The ERIS vehicle itself consisted of surplus Minuteman ICBM second and third stages. Four test vehicles were built. First launch was made on 28 January 1991 from Kwajalein Atoll against an Aries sounding rocket. A second test on 13 March 1992 against a Minuteman I was considered successful enough that no further tests were planned. Further develoment of the technology was to be accomplished by the Orbital Sciences' Aries test vehicle with spectacularly poor results.

Planned EOM-1/2 shuttle mission. Cancelled due to payload delays.

Replaced Cosmos 1675. Covered Oko constellation plane 8 - 192 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 100 .

Maximum speed 480 kph. Maximum altitude 1500 m. Time 12 minutes. References: 81 .

Cosmonaut Igor Volk was at the controls; takeoff was from the Zhukovskiy test flight centre near Moscow. Two flying labs, based on Tu-154 transports, were used to prior to this to duplicate anticipated Buran handling and test systems software. They conducted 140 flights before Buran's first flight, including 69 automatic landings at Zhukovskiy and at the Jubilee airfield at Baikonur.

Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Maximum speed 170 kph. Time 12 minutes. References: 81 .

Stationed at 49 deg. E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Replaced Cosmos 1674. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released by STS 61B 11/28/85; 156 deg E. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released by STS 61B 11/27/85. Coverage of the national territory with television, radio and telephony signals and data transmission. Geostationary satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released from STS 61B 11/30/85; shuttle autopilot software test target. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released by STS 61B 11/28/85; 81 deg W. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Manned seven crew. Deployed Morelos 2, Aussat 2, Satcom K2, OEX. Payloads: Deploy SATCOM (RCA-Satellite Communi-cations) Ku-2 with Payload Assist Module (PAM)-D II. Deploy Morelos (Mexico communications satellite)-B with PAM-D. Deploy AUSSAT (Australian communications satellite)-2 with PAM-D. EASE/ACCESS (Assembly of Structures� Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures) by extravehicular activity (EVA) astronauts, Continuous Flow Electrophore-sis System (CFES), Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions (DMOS), IMAX camera, one getaway special (GAS), Linhof camera and Hasseblad camera. Additional Details: STS-61-B. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 33 .

Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1598. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Began EASE/ACCESS (Assembly of Structures / Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures) structural assembly experiments. References: 66 .

In December 1985 the wings of the first flight OK arrived at Baikonur. This was followed by what was to be the first 20 second Energia main engine firing test. This was terminated at 2.58 seconds when the automatic control system detected a slow spool up of an engine turbine. In a the first attempt at a full-duration test helium leaks contaminated electro-hydraulic systems, leading to a situation where the tanks could not be drained. An engineering brigade had to work on the fuelled booster for 55 minutes, attach another helium tank, which led to successful de-fuelling of the vehicle. The second engine test was a complete success, the engine running for 390 seconds. This test required the entire city of Leninsk to be without water for ten days in order to accumulate enough water for the UKSS cooling system.

Completed EASE/ACCESS (Assembly of Structures / Assembly Concept for Construction of Erectable Space Structures) structural assembly experiments. References: 66 .

Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 179 .

Replaced Cosmos 1515. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1610. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Gathering meteorological information and data on penetrating radiation fluxes in circumterrestrial space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Tselina-2 ELINT satellite placed in unusable orbit due to second stage failure. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .