| astronautix.com | July 19 |
1920 - Nation: USA.
Goddard accepts contract from US Navy for US$ 100 per month. On weekends, holidays, and vacations, when not working at Clark University, Goddard travels to Dahlgren, Virginia to test his military solid fuel rockets. References: 377 .
1943 - Nation: USA.
1946 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 number 8.
Launched 12:11 local time. Reached 4.8 km. Carried ionosphere (Naval Research Lab) experiments for General Electric.
1949 - Nation: USA.
NACA flight 30. Spanwise pressure distribution, stability and control. Rolls, pull-ups, check of stabilizer effectiveness. Mach 0.91. Number 2 cylinder failed to fire. References: 49 , 97 .
1950 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 Stage 1/ WAC-Corporal Stage 2.
Pad abort on 19 July of Bumper No. 8, a German V-2 with a 320 kg Army-JPL Wac Corporal. Launch scrubbed first due to emergency landing of aircraft in the range; second attempt, no lift, main chamber did not ignite. References: 47 .
1956 - - 08:45 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC5. Launch Vehicle: Jupiter A. LV Configuration: Redstone s/n CC-13. FAILURE: ST-80 malfunction at theta switch operation - 310 sec.
CC-13 was launched at 0345 hours EST from AMR. The flight was successful. The actual range was 142.457 nm; .780 nm over the intended impact point. This was the first Chrysler fabricated and assembled missile. Missed aimpoint by 1,071 m. References: 439 .
1957 - Nation: USA.
NACA flight 11. Mach 1.65 at 18,300 m. Control pulses, sideslips, and 2 g wind-up turn. References: 49 , 97 .
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Redstone Mercury.
Mercury-Redstone (MR-4) with manned Liberty Bell 7 capsule canceled within minutes of launch because of adverse weather. References: 18 .
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Vehicle: Atlas D. LV Configuration: Atlas 13D.
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 2 Flight 25.
Maximum Speed - 5590 kph. Maximum Altitude - 25680 m. References: 38 , 49 , 97 .
1963 - Nation: USA.
Grumman directed the Marquardt Corporation to begin development of the LEM reaction control system thrusters. Negotiations had begun on March 11 on the definitive subcontract, a cost-plus-incentive-fee type with a total estimated cost of $10,871,186. References: 16 .
1963 - - 00:00 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 3 Flight 21.
Maximum Speed - 5969 kph. Maximum Altitude - 106010 m. Astronaut wings flight. 80 cm diameter balloon dragged on 30 m line to measure air density. First X-15 astronaut flight (FAI definition); fourth astronaut wings flight (USAF definition). References: 33 , 38 , 49 , 97 .
1965 - Nation: USA.
NASA was acquiring eight KC-135 aircraft and three ships to help maintain communications during Apollo moon flights. In addition, two ships of the existing DOD instrumentation fleet were being remodeled for support of the Apollo lunar mission's reentry phase. The KC-135 jet transports would be used during reentry to combat the effects of the plasma sheath blackout which had drowned out communications on previous manned launchings. In addition, three primary ground stations were being prepared at Goldstone, Calif.; Canberra, Australia; and Madrid, Spain. References: 16 .
1965 - Nation: USA.
MSC directed Grumman to implement changes in weights of the LEM:
| Total LEM | 14,515 kg (32,000 lbs) |
| Ascent stage inert | 2,193 kg (4,835 lbs) |
| Descent stage inert | 2,166 kg (4,775 lbs) |
1965 - Nation: USA.
NASA Headquarters authorized North American to subcontract the Block II CSM fuel cells to Pratt and Whitney. Estimates placed the cost at $30 million. References: 16 .
1965 - - 22:01 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: PALC1-1. Launch Vehicle: TA Thor Agena D. LV Configuration: Thor 2C s/n 446 / Agena D SS-01B s/n 1617.
KH-4A. All cameras operated satisfactorily. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1966 - Nation: USA.
Photographed earth and stars. References: 66 .
1967 - - 14:19 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta E. LV Configuration: Thor Delta E1 s/n 488 / Delta s/n 50.
Earth magnetic tail measurements. Lunar Orbit (Selenocentric). The Westinghouse Aerospace Division, under contract to National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, engaged in the system design, integration, assembly and launch support for Anchored Interplanetary Monitoring Platform Satellite, officially designated Explorer 35 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was launched on July 19, 1967, with the primary objectives of investigation of interplanetary plasma and the interplanetary magnetic field out to and at the lunar distance, in either a captured lunar orbit or a geocentric orbit of the earth. In the geocentric orbit, the apogee was near or beyond the lunar distance. In a lunar orbit, additional objectives included obtaining data on dust distribution, lunar gravitational field, ionosphere, magnetic field, and radiation environment around the moon. AIMP-E also studied spatial and temporal relationships of geophysical and interplanetary phenomena simultaneously being studied by several other National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellites. The investigation in the vicinity of the moon provided for measurements of the characteristics of the interplanetary dust distribution, solar and galactic cosmic rays, as well as a study of the magnetohydrodynamic wake of the earth in the interplanetary medium at the lunar distances. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 405 .
1972 - - 13:55 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1977 - - 08:38 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53721-264.
Radar calibration mission. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1978 - - 21:59 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S86. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 292-02 / 11S86 s/n 10L.
Provision of uninterrupted round the clock telephone and telegraph radiocommunication in the USSR and simultaneous transmission of colour and black-and-white USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
1983 - - 15:21 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M / ML.
Replaced Molniya 1-49. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1984 - - 08:38 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1985 - - 13:05 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U s/n 446.
Progress vehicle, given Cosmos designation instead of Progress because control lost early in mission but regained later. Resupplied Salyut 7. On departure briefly undocked and redocked to verify reliability of docking system. Transported of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 21 Jul 1985 15:05:00 GMT. Undocked on 28 Aug 1985 21:50:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 30 Aug 1985 01:20:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.23 days. Total docked time 38.28 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .
1986 - Nation: Russia. Launch Vehicle: Tu-2000, Yakovlev MVKS, VKS.
The decree of 27 January 1986 was reaffirmed.
1988 - - 21:13 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 s/n L15000-024.
Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Rendezvous transfer orbits 187x256 km, 51. 62 deg; 235 x 319 km; 343 x 347 km. Docked with Mir on 20 Jul 1988 22:33:40 GMT. Refuelling operations on 7,8, and 9 August 1998. Undocked on 12 Aug 1988 08:31:54 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 12 Aug 1988 13:45:40 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.27 days. Total docked time 22.42 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .
1988 - - 22:33 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 65096-175.
Military navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1990 - - 21:46 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200L. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 340-01 / 11S861 s/n 24L.
Stationed at 80 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 112 , 274 .
1991 - Nation: USSR.
Began assembly of Sofora girder. References: 66 .
1993 - - 22:04 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas II. LV Configuration: Atlas II (3) s/n AC-104 / Centaur II s/n 8104.
Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit with GCS trajectory option. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
TAOS was a technology demonstration satellite whose purpose is to demonstrate autonomous space navigation systems to reduce satellite ground support needs. Satellite operations were interrupted when an inertial measurement unit failed. During the following two month period, the satellite's solar panels could not be properly sun-pointed, resulting in a loss of satellite power. Vehicle control was regained following the development of a new satellite control system.
1995 - Nation: USA.
Retrieved TREK detector. References: 66 .
2000 - - 20:09 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: CLF. Launch Vehicle: Minotaur.
Mightysat 2.1, also known as Sindri, used a Spectrum Astro SA-200B satellite bus. The spacecraft carried a hyperspectral imager for earth imaging and spectroscopy, as well as satellite technology experiments such as advanced solar arrays. An Aerospace Corp./DARPA picosatellite experiment, consisting of two small boxes connected by a deployable tether, was deployed later. Similar picosats were deployed on the previous Minotaur launch in January 2000.