| astronautix.com | April 24 |
1947 - Nation: France. Launch Site: Colomb Bechar .
French Government established rocket test range at Colomb Bechar, Algeria. References: 17 .
1953 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. LV Configuration: XASR-SC-1.
Density research. Launched at 1230 local time. Reached 111.1 km.
Temperature, winds research. Launched at 0319 local time. Reached 107.8 km.
1953 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Kapustin Yar . Launch Vehicle: R-5. FAILURE: Failure.
1957 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: X-17.
Lockheed X-17 research rocket reached 9,000 mph at Patrick AFB, Fla. References: 17 .
1958 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Vehicle: Thor Able. LV Configuration: Thor-DM18 s/n 116/ Able. FAILURE: Thor turbopump gearbox failed T+150 sec.
Suborbital. Mouse 'Mia' not recovered. References: 5 , 126 .
1958 - Nation: USA.
Navy rocket sled attained speed of 2,827.5 mph at China Lake, Calif. References: 17 .
1959 - Nation: USA.
1959 - Nation: USA.
Testifying before the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Maj. Gen. Bernard A. Schriever, Commander of the Air Force Ballistic Missile Division, stated that all three military services should be studying the possibility of a base on the moon. Up to that point, he felt, all such studies had been "in the blue thinking." References: 16 .
1961 - Nation: USSR. Launch Vehicle: R-14.
Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On adoption of the R-14 missile into armaments' was issued. References: 474 .
1962 - Nation: USSR. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82.
Council of Soviet Ministers (SM) Decree 'On start of work on the UR-500 missile and carrier-rocket' was issued. The rocket was to be built initially for the GR-2 requirement - a heavy rocket that could be used to launch large military payloads into space as well as act as a ballistic missile for multiple nuclear warheads up to 100 MT in yield. The decree ordered development of this powerful new rocket to be completed within three years. This was a difficult task, considering the factory and launch facilities that would have to be built to allow testing of the rocket to begin. The draft project UR-500 was completed in 1963.
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Nova 8L.
The Manned Space Flight Management Council decided to delay the awarding of a Nova launch vehicle study contract until July 1 at the earliest to allow time for an in-house study of bids submitted and for further examination of the schedule for a manned lunar landing using the direct ascent technique. References: 16 .
1962 - Nation: USA.
MSC Associate Director Walter C. William reported to the Manned Space Flight Management Council that the lack of a decision on the lunar mission mode was causing delays in various areas of the Apollo spacecraft program, especially the requirements for the portions of the spacecraft being furnished by NAA. References: 16 .
1962 - - 04:00 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Kapustin Yar . Launch Complex: Mayak-2. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 63S1. LV Configuration: Kosmos 63S1 s/n 4LK.
Cosmic ray, radiation data. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space; development of elements in the design of space craft. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1963 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas 65E.
1964 - Nation: USA.
Representatives from a number of elements within MSC (including systems and structural engineers, advanced systems and rendezvous experts, and two astronauts, Edward H. White II and Elliot M. See, Jr.) discussed the idea of deleting the LEM's front docking capability (an idea spawned by the recent TM-1 mockup review). Rather than nose-to-nose docking, the LEM crew might be able to perform the rendezvous and docking maneuver, docking at the spacecraft's upper (transfer) hatch, by using a window above the LEM commander's head to enable him to see his target. Additional Details: Deletion of the Apollo LEM's front docking capability. References: 16 .
1964 - Nation: USA.
The NASA Manned Space Science Division was planning a scientific experiments program for manned and unmanned earth orbital flights. The manned program would be a direct outgrowth of the Gemini experiments program. References: 16 .
1968 - - 16:04 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon.
Unsuccessful launch of ASAT target. Satellite did not separate from last rocket stage. Planned launch of interceptor cancelled. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 272 .
1970 - - 13:35 GMT. Nation: China. Launch Site: Jiuquan . Launch Vehicle: CZ-1. LV Configuration: Chang Zheng 1.
1970 - - 22:25 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Kapustin Yar . Launch Complex: LC86/4. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .
1971 - - 07:32 GMT. Nation: Italy. Launch Site: San Marco . Launch Vehicle: Scout B. LV Configuration: Scout B s/n S173C.
Atmospheric research. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1971 - - 11:15 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .
1975 - - 08:09 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1978 - Nation: USA.
1981 - - 21:32 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 34B. LV Configuration: Titan 34B s/n 34B-8 (3B-60) / Ascent Agena D. FAILURE: Partial Failure.
SDS 4 not deployed. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1987 - - 12:42 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S861. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 335-01 / 11S861 s/n 18L. FAILURE: Block DM-2 failure, remained in LEO.
Glonass; upper stage failure; unusable orbit. Fourth stage failure References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
Glonass; upper stage failure; unusable orbit. Fourth stage failure References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
Glonass; upper stage failure; unusable orbit. Fourth stage failure References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
1987 - - 17:16 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Materials processing tests. Conduct of experiments on the production of semi-conducting materials and super-pure biological preparations in micro-gravity. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 69 .
1990 - - 12:28 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-31R.
Deployed HST (Hubble Space Telescope). Payloads: Deployment of Hubble Space Telescope, IMAX camera in payload bay and in crew compartment, Protein Crystal Growth III-03, Investigation Into Polymer Membrane Process-ing- 01, Air Force Maui Optical Site-05, Radiation Monitoring Equipment III-01, Student Experiment 82-16, and Ascent Particle Monitor 01. Additional Details: STS-31. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 .
Hubble Space Telescope; deployed from STS-31 4/25/90. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1991 - - 01:40 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC32. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 3.
Testing data-measuring equipment and methods for remote sensing of the atmosphere and Earth's surface to benefit the Soviet economy and science. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 115 .
1996 - - 12:27 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC2W. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7920-10 / Delta s/n 235.
LEO. Midcourse Space eXperiment; missile detection technology tests; also used for auroral and atmospheric studies References: 4 , 6 .
1996 - - 13:03 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M.
Radar calibration mission. References: 4 , 6 .
1996 - - 23:37 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Vehicle: Titan 4. LV Configuration: Titan 401A / Centaur G s/n K-16 (45E-4).
Second launch of Mercury ELINT satellite. References: 4 , 6 .
1998 - - 22:38 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7420-10C s/n 256.
Plane 2. Ascending node 90.4 degrees.
Plane 2. Ascending node 90.2 degrees.
Plane 2. Ascending node 88.0 degrees.
Plane 2. Ascending node 88.9 degrees.