| astronautix.com | April 20 |
1938 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Goddard L-C.
Rocket reached altitude 4215 ft; duration of propulsion 25.3 sec; landed 6960 ft from tower; carried official NAA barograph. References: 482 .
1951 - Nation: USA.
NACA flight 43. Pilot familiarization. Reached mach 1.07. References: 49 , 97 .
1955 - Nation: USA.
1959 - Nation: Canada.
NASA announced acceptance of proposals by the Canadian Defense Research Telecommunications Establishment for continuing joint rocket and satellite ionospheric experiments of a nonmilitary nature. References: 17 .
1961 - Nation: USA.
A conference was held at NASA Headquarters on the relationship between the Prospector and Apollo programs. Representatives of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and STG discussed the possible redirection of Prospector planning to support more directly the manned space program. The Prospector spacecraft was intended to soft-land about 2,500 pounds on the lunar surface with an accuracy of +/-1 kilometer anywhere on the visible side of the moon. An essential feature of Prospector was the development of an automatic roving vehicle weighing about 1500 pounds which would permit detailed reconnaissance of the lunar surface over a wide area. Additional Details: Prospector vs Apollo program. References: 16 .
1962 - Nation: USSR. Launch Vehicle: N1.
Korolev�s fantastic �Orbitalniy Poyas� (OP -Orbital Belt) scheme anticipated Ronald Reagan�s Strategic Defence Initiative by 25 years. Two to three large N-I launched military manned stations would control a constellation of strategic assets. Geosynchronous nuclear-powered satellites would provide secure communications. Piloted reconnaissance spacecraft would surprise the enemy, observing military preparations without warning. The orbital stations would provide continuous observations of the territory of the imperialist block.
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 3 Flight 4.
Maximum Speed - 6097 kph. Maximum Altitude - 63250 m. References: 38 , 49 , 97 .
1964 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Saturn IB, Saturn V.
NASA selected IBM, Federal Systems Division, to develop and build the instrument units (IU) for the Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles. (IBM had been chosen by NASA in October 1963 to design and build the IU data adapters and digital guidance computers and to integrate and check out the IUs.) Under this new contract, expected to be worth over $175 million, IBM would supply the structure and the environmental control system. NASA would furnish the telemetry system and the stabilized platform (ST-124M) of the guidance system. MSFC would manage the contract. References: 16 .
1964 - - 08:08 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M s/n T15000-21. FAILURE: At T+340 sec the launcher's control system failed and the engine of Stage 3 cut off prematurely due to loss of a section of the circuit between BOZ's storage battery and a DC transformer.
The upper stages broke up on re-entry into the atmosphere.. References: 5 , 64 , 65 .
1966 - - 10:48 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.
. Program partially completed. Abnormal operation of SA-10 camera. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 93 .
1967 - - 08:00 GMT. Nation: Australia. Launch Site: Woomera . Launch Complex: LA8. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. LV Configuration: Redstone SV-3.
Suborbital. References: 5 .
1967 - - 11:21 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC2E. Launch Vehicle: Delta E. LV Configuration: Thor Delta E s/n 484 / Delta s/n 48.
Replaced ESSA 3. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1968 - - 10:30 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Unsuccessful mission. Spacecraft landed in River Volga 1 km from shore and sank after 42 minutes. 85% of the data was ruined. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 93 .
1973 - - 23:47 GMT. Nation: Canada. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta 1914. LV Configuration: Delta 1914 s/n 583 / Delta s/n 94.
Anik I and Anik II also registered as United States objects. .The satellites, act as space repeaters capable of receiving transmissions from earth stations and retransmitting them to other earth stations in Canada. The antenna coverage of the satellite pr ovides the capability of serving virtually all of Canada. Anik I and II had weights of 1240.59 lb and 1246.48 lb. Each satellite has 12 RF channels each capable of transmitting a color television signal or up to 900 one-way voice channels. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1974 - - 20:52 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
Uncertain if Molniya-1T model was Molniya-1 or Molniya-1T. Operation of a system of long range telephone-telegraph radiocommunication, and transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to the stations of the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1977 - - 09:07 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1977 - - 10:15 GMT. Nation: Europe. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Delta 2914. LV Configuration: Delta 2914 s/n 617 / Delta s/n 130.
Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space (US Cat B). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1978 - - 15:36 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1979 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC81P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 300-02. FAILURE: Engines ignited but immediately shut down on launch pad.
Dual test of TKS-VA manned capsule. Shutdown of the launch vehicle on the pad triggered the launch escape system, which pulled the top capsule away from the booster. The parachute system failed and the capsule crashed to the ground. The lower capsule remained in the rocket. The top capsule was to have been manned, but the inability to demonstrate two consecutive failure free launches of the Proton/TKS-VA combination made that impossible. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 , 439 .
1979 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC81P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 300-02. FAILURE: Engines ignited but immediately shut down on launch pad.
1979 - - 11:31 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1983 - - 13:11 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U s/n 372.
Manned three crew. Unsuccessful mission. Failed to rendezvous with Salyut 7. Recovered April 22, 1983 13:29 GMT. Landed 113 km SE Arkalyk. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 32 , 33 , 51 .
1988 - - 06:00 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M.
Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. Stayed in operation for six years, six months, far beyond its rated life of 3 to 5 years. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 113 .
1989 - - 18:43 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 179 .
1990 - - 18:43 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53726-195.
Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 2 of constellation. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 107 .
1992 - - 21:29 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 s/n R15000-059.
Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Docked with Mir on 21 Apr 1992 23:21:59 GMT. Undocked on 27 Jun 1992 21:34:44 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 28 Jun 1992 00:02:51 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.18 days. Total docked time 66.93 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .
1996 - - 22:36 GMT. Nation: Canada. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P. LV Configuration: Ariane 42P s/n V85.
Geostationary at 106.5W. References: 4 , 6 .