| astronautix.com | April 15 |
1932 - Nation: Russia.
1943 - Nation: Germany. Launch Vehicle: V-2.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill of England was informed of reports on German experiments with long-range rockets. References: 17 .
1950 - Nation: USA.
Peenemuende team moved from White Sands to Huntsville References: 86 .
1951 - Nation: USA.
1951 - Nation: USA.
1956 - Nation: USA.
1956 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Redstone.
The first Redstone missile battalion, the 217th Field Artillery Missile Battalion, was formally activated at Redstone Arsenal.
1959 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Saturn A-1.
In response to a request by the DOD-NASA) Saturn Ad Hoc Committee, the Army Ordnance Missile Command (AOMC) sent a supplement to the "Saturn System Study" to the Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPA describing the use of Titan for Saturn upper stages. Additional Details: Use of Titan for Saturn upper stages. References: 16 .
1960 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Complex: ALA3. Launch Vehicle: Redstone. LV Configuration: Redstone s/n CC-2021.
Successful missile test. Missed aimpoint by 17 m. References: 439 .
1960 - Nation: Russia.
1960 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Luna 8K72. LV Configuration: Luna 8K72 s/n L1-9. FAILURE: The third stage RO-5 engine either did not reach full thrust or shut down early.
Reached an altitude of 200,000 km before plunging back to earth. References: 5 , 175 .
1960 - - 20:30 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: LC75-3-5. Launch Vehicle: Thor Agena A. LV Configuration: Thor s/n 234 / Agena A s/n 1055.
KH-1; film capsule recovery failed. Mission failed. Attitude control system malfunctioned. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1965 - Nation: Japan.
1965 - Nation: USA.
The first firing of the LEM ascent engine test rig (HA-3) was successfully conducted at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. A second firing on April 23 lasted 14.45 sec instead of 10 sec as planned. A third firing, lasting 30 sec, completed the test series. A helium pressurization system would be installed before additional testing could begin. References: 16 .
1965 - Nation: USSR.
Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On Co-operation of the USSR and Socialist Countries in the Sphere of Research and Use of Space-international co-operation' was issued. References: 474 .
1965 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Saturn V.
1966 - Nation: USA.
MSC Director Robert R. Gilruth summarized Houston's position expressed during discussions with Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George E. Mueller two days earlier. Gilruth cited NASA s need for a manned space flight goal other than 'using Apollo hardware' (and suggested a Mars flyby or landing mission as an in-house focus for planning.) Also, he repeated his concern over the imbalance between AAP goals and resources, as well as the extent of engineering redesign and hardware modification that had been forced upon the project. Though expressing his and MSC's desire to contribute to and be a part of AAP, Gilruth voiced concern that 'the future of manned space flight . . . is in jeopardy because we do not have firm goals, and because the present approach appears to us to be technically unsound.'
1966 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: SLV-3 Atlas / Agena D.
Associate Administrator for Manned Space Fight George E. Mueller informed Deputy Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., of the Saturn/Apollo Applications Program Office's evaluation of a Lockheed proposal to launch space probes from orbit using Agena rockets launched from AAP stations in space. The proposal was feasible, Mueller advised, but did not seem a desirable mission for inclusion in the AAP. Additional Details: Evaluation of a Lockheed proposal to launch space probes from orbit using Agena rockets launched from AAP stations in space..
1968 - - 09:34 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511.
Target for Cosmos 212 docking. Recovered April 20, 1968 10:11 GMT. Successful test of Soyuz 7K-OK systems. Both spacecraft recovered, but one was dragged by heavy wind across the steppes when the parachute line didn't jettison.
Officially: Investigation of outer space, development of new systems and elements to be used in the construction of space devices.
References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1969 - - 08:24 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1969 - - 17:30 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan 3B s/n 3B-21 / Agena D.
KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1970 - - 09:07 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1970 - - 15:52 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan 3B s/n 3B-26 / Agena D.
KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1971 - - 09:19 GMT. Nation: France. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELD. Launch Vehicle: Diamant B. LV Configuration: Diamant B s/n No. 3.
1981 - - 10:33 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1982 - - 14:38 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 69 .
1983 - - 18:45 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan 24B s/n 24B-27 (3B-63) / Agena D.
KH-8 type satellite. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1984 - - 08:13 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2.
Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. First launch of Progress by Soyuz-U2 launch vehicle. Docked with Salyut 7 on 17 Apr 1984 09:22:00 GMT. Undocked on 6 May 1984 17:46:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 7 May 1984 00:32:51 GMT. Total free-flight time 2.33 days. Total docked time 19.35 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .
1986 - - 11:31 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1988 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: Jubilee.
Time 19 minutes. Final Buran Analog flight test. At the same time development of the auto-land system aboard the Tu-154 test bed is completed as well. References: 81 .
1992 - - 07:12 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 47178-419.
Military navigation satellite. Positioned in plane 2 of constellation. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 107 .
1992 - - 23:45 GMT. Nation: International. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L+ s/n V50.
Stationed at 55 deg W. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Stationed at 3 deg E. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1999 - - 00:46 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U / Ikar. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U / Ikar s/n ST03/060.
The Ikar upper stage entered a 234 km x 900 km transfer orbit, then maneuvered to dispense the four spacecraft into 900 km x 950 km x 52.0 deg parking orbits. The satellite's own thrusters would be used to place them into their 1410 km circular operational orbits. The Ikar stage deorbited itself after one day. The Globalstar satellites, built by Alenia and Loral, are L-band comsats which provide satellite phone service.
1999 - - 18:32 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC2W. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7920 s/n D268.
The vehicle entered a 175 km x 706 km x 98.2 deg initial orbit. 57 minutes after launch the Delta stage burned again to circularize the orbit at 668 km x 698 km and Landsat 7 separated from the stage. The Delta stage then burned to depletion of its propellant, into a 184 km x 710 km x 107.5 deg orbit that would decay quickly. The Landsat 7 remote sensing satellite was to be operated by NASA/Goddard until October 2000, when operations would be transferred to the US Geological Survey.