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Article Number: 11F69. Code Name: Zenit-4. Class: Surveillance. Type: Military. Nation: USSR. Manufacturer: TsKB. Zenit-4 was the second Soviet photo-reconnaisance satellite, providing high-resolution imagery to complement the area coverage of the Zenit-2. The Zenit-4 draft project was completed in 1964. The high resolution system used a 3 m focal length camera. Development was done by Kozlov at OKB-1 Filial 3. Chertok and Tsybin were in charge of the flight tests. Zenit-4 was equipped with the Ftor-4 camera and was accepted into service in 1965. Typical orbital profile: inclination 65 degrees with altitude of 202-320 km; inclination 51.8 degrees with altitude of 199-286 km; inclination 72.8 degrees with altitude of 204-331 km; inclination 81.3 degrees with altitude of 201-368 km. Designed duration: 8 days. Transmission frequencies observed in West: 19.995 PDM; sometimes; 19.990 PDM.
SpecificationTotal Mass: 6,300 kg.
Zenit-4 Chronology
01 November 1958
Vostok spacecraft and Zenit spy satellite authorised. Council of Chief Designers Decree 'On course of work on the piloted spaceship' was issued. Council of Chief designers approved the Vostok manned space program, in combination with Zenit spy satellite program Korolev was authorised to proceed with development of a spacecraft to achieve manned flights at the earliest possible date. However the design would be such that the same spacecraft could be used to fulfil the military's unmanned photo reconnaissance satellite requirement. The military resisted, but Korolev won. This was formalised in a decree of 25 May 1959.
22 May 1959
Vostok / Zenit-3 decree issued. Due to a bitter fight with the military over the nature and priority of the manned spacecraft and photo-reconnaissance space programs, the final decree for the Vostok manned spacecraft was delayed until seven months after drawing release began. This authorised production of a single design that could be used either as a manned spacecraft or as a military reconnaissance satellite. These were the Zenit-2 and Zenit-4 spacecraft based on the Vostok design. This marked the end of the original Zenit configuration.
16 November 1963
Cosmos 22 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 193 km. Apogee: 376 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 6.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
18 May 1964
Cosmos 30 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 366 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
01 July 1964
Cosmos 34 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 342 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
13 September 1964
Cosmos 45 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 203 km. Apogee: 311 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 5.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather experiments.
07 March 1965
Cosmos 59 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 321 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
17 April 1965
Cosmos 65 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 315 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather experiments.
25 May 1965
Cosmos 67 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 203 km. Apogee: 351 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
25 June 1965
Cosmos 69 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 310 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
03 August 1965
Cosmos 77 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 281 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
25 August 1965
Cosmos 79 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 338 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
09 September 1965
Cosmos 85 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 291 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
23 September 1965
Cosmos 91 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 203 km. Apogee: 324 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
16 October 1965
Cosmos 92 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 331 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried weather and biological experiments.
28 October 1965
Cosmos 94 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 271 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments.
19 February 1966
Cosmos 109 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 288 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried biological experiments.
21 March 1966
Cosmos 113 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 314 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
06 April 1966
Cosmos 114 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 337 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
17 May 1966
Zenit-4 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
17 June 1966
Cosmos 121 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 327 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
28 July 1966
Cosmos 126 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 209 km. Apogee: 343 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 9.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
08 August 1966
Cosmos 127 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 263 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
27 August 1966
Cosmos 128 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 343 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
20 October 1966
Cosmos 130 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 316 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days.
 | Zenit 4 - Zenit-4. Later improved version Zenit-4 commonly had a Nauka module mounted on the forward end of the sphere. 17,064 bytes. 310 x 180 pixels. |
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
12 November 1966
Cosmos 131 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 335 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
03 December 1966
Cosmos 134 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 286 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried scientific experiments.
08 February 1967
Cosmos 141 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 205 km. Apogee: 316 km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
22 March 1967
Cosmos 150 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 178 km. Apogee: 341 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
12 April 1967
Cosmos 155 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 267 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
22 May 1967
Cosmos 161 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 321 km. Inclination: 65.6 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
01 June 1967
Cosmos 162 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 196 km. Apogee: 275 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
20 June 1967
Zenit-4 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
21 July 1967
Zenit-4 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
09 August 1967
Cosmos 172 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 277 km. Inclination: 51.7 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
11 September 1967
Cosmos 175 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 181 km. Apogee: 356 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
16 October 1967
Cosmos 182 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 197 km. Apogee: 374 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
03 November 1967
Cosmos 190 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 197 km. Apogee: 327 km. Inclination: 65.6 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
03 December 1967
Cosmos 194 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 312 km. Inclination: 65.6 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
06 February 1968
Cosmos 201 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 334 km. Inclination: 64.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
16 March 1968
Cosmos 207 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 320 km. Inclination: 65.6 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
18 April 1968
Cosmos 214 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 373 km. Inclination: 81.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
04 June 1968
Cosmos 224 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 203 km. Apogee: 256 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also measured atmospheric composition.
18 June 1968
Cosmos 227 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 271 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
26 June 1968
Cosmos 229 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 327 km. Inclination: 72.9 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
16 July 1968
Cosmos 232 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 189 km. Apogee: 348 km. Inclination: 65.3 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also performed weather experiments.
30 July 1968
Cosmos 234 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 208 km. Apogee: 288 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 6.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
27 August 1968
Cosmos 237 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 320 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
05 September 1968
Cosmos 239 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 274 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
16 September 1968
Cosmos 241 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 198 km. Apogee: 326 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
07 October 1968
Cosmos 246 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 149 km. Apogee: 321 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 5.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
21 November 1968
Cosmos 254 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 197 km. Apogee: 335 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
26 February 1969
Cosmos 267 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 331 km. Inclination: 70.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
06 March 1969
Cosmos 270 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 331 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
15 March 1969
Cosmos 271 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 196 km. Apogee: 324 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
24 March 1969
Cosmos 274 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 300 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; also carried science package.
04 April 1969
Cosmos 276 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 371 km. Inclination: 81.4 deg. Duration: 7.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
15 April 1969
Cosmos 279 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 192 km. Apogee: 267 km. Inclination: 51.7 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
20 May 1969
Cosmos 282 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 202 km. Apogee: 321 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
29 May 1969
Cosmos 284 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 297 km. Inclination: 51.7 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
15 June 1969
Cosmos 286 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 197 km. Apogee: 322 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
27 June 1969
Cosmos 288 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 199 km. Apogee: 273 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
10 July 1969
Cosmos 289 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 194 km. Apogee: 324 km. Inclination: 65.3 deg. Duration: 5.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
19 August 1969
Cosmos 294 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 200 km. Apogee: 329 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
29 August 1969
Cosmos 296 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 302 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
02 September 1969
Cosmos 297 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 314 km. Inclination: 72.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
18 September 1969
Cosmos 299 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 207 km. Apogee: 284 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 4.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
17 October 1969
Cosmos 302 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 198 km. Apogee: 321 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
15 November 1969
Cosmos 310 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 204 km. Apogee: 336 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
21 January 1970
Cosmos 322 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 216 km. Apogee: 298 km. Inclination: 65.3 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
10 February 1970
Cosmos 323 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 201 km. Apogee: 314 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
08 April 1970
Cosmos 331 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 320 km. Inclination: 65.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
20 May 1970
Cosmos 345 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 153 km. Apogee: 296 km. Inclination: 52.0 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
10 June 1970
Cosmos 346 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 206 km. Apogee: 351 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 7.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
17 June 1970
Cosmos 349 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 199 km. Apogee: 332 km. Inclination: 65.4 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
07 July 1970
Cosmos 352 Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 203 km. Apogee: 340 km. Inclination: 51.8 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
21 July 1970
Zenit-4 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure. High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.
07 August 1970
Cosmos 355 Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. Mass: 6,300 kg. Perigee: 198 km. Apogee: 321 km. Inclination: 65.3 deg. Duration: 8.00 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule
Bibliography:- 2 - McDowell, Jonathan, The United Nations Registry of Space Objects, Harvard University, 1997. HTML when accessed: http://hea-www.harvard.edu/QEDT/jcm/space/un/un.html
- 6 - JPL Mission and Spacecraft Library, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 1997. HTML when accessed: http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/home.html
- 102 - Voevodin, Sergey A, VSA072 - Space Apparatus, "Sergey A. Voevodin's Reports", . HTML when accessed: http://www.mcs.net/~rusaerog/sergeyv/VSA.html
- 110 - Grahn, Sven, Sven Grahn's Space History Pages, . HTML when accessed: http://www.users.wineasy.se/svengrahn/
- 445 - Melnik, T G, Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Siliy, Nauka, Moscow, 1997..
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Last update 12 March 2001.
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© Mark Wade, 2001 .
