| astronautix.com | March 31 |
1948 - Nation: USA.
NACA flight 14. Stability and loads investigation. Plane attained mach 1.1. References: 49 , 97 .
1948 - Nation: USA.
AF flight 23. Engine shutdown after launch. Propellants jettisoned, completed as glide flight. References: 49 , 97 .
1957 - Nation: USA.
1959 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: R-7 8K71. LV Configuration: 8K71. FAILURE: Failure.
1960 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 2 Flight 8.
Maximum Speed - 2156 kph. Maximum Altitude - 15653 m. 3.5 to 5G pullouts to simulate reentry. References: 38 , 49 , 97 .
1961 - Nation: USA.
An industrial team headed by the Western Electric Company turned over the $60,000,000 global network (figs. 48 and 49) to NASA in a formal ceremony later in the year. References: 483 .
1961 - Nation: USA.
NASA selected GE's Space Sciences Laboratory and Avco Corp. for negotiation of contracts to study feasibility of magneto gas dynamic electric rocket or thermal arc jet rocket engines. References: 18 .
1962 - Nation: USA.
Following receipt of the program go-ahead on December 22, 1961, McDonnell began defining the Gemini spacecraft. At that time, the basic configuration was already firm. During the three-month period, McDonnell wrote a series of detailed specifications to define the overall vehicle, its performance, and each of the major subsystems. These were submitted to NASA and approved. During the same period, the major subsystems specification control drawings - the specifications against which equipment was procured - were written, negotiated with NASA, and distributed to potential subcontractors for bid.
1966 - - 05:41 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: LC4300B6. Launch Vehicle: Thor Burner. LV Configuration: Thor Burner 1 s/n 147.
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1966 - - 10:46 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M s/n N103-42.
Lunar Orbit (Selenocentric). Development of system to permit the creation of an artificial lunar satellite for the investigation of circumlunar space; development of onboard systems for putting a station into a selenocentric (circumlunar) orbit. Orbit: Lunar Orbiter. The Luna 10 spacecraft was launched towards the Moon from an Earth orbiting platform. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit 3 50 x 1017 km, inclination 71.9 deg to plane of the lunar equator. on April 4, 1966. Scientific instruments included a gamma-ray spectrometer for energies between 0.3--3 MeV, a triaxial magnetometer, a meteorite detector, instruments for solar-plasma studies, and devices for measuring infrared emissions from the Moon and radiation conditions of the lunar environment. Gravitational studies were also conducted. The spacecraft played back to Earth the `Internationale' during the Twenty-third Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Luna 10 was battery powered and operated for 460 lunar orbits and 219 active data transmissions before radio signals were discontinued on May 30, 1966. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 64 , 296 .
1967 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Johnson Island . Launch Vehicle: Thor. LV Configuration: Thor 168.
1972 - - 04:02 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. FAILURE: The escape stage Block L's engine cut off 125 seconds after ignition due to timer failure.
1976 - - 12:57 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511M.
Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources; deployed capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1978 - Nation: USA.
Operational readiness date, solid rocket booster refurbishment and subassembly, Kennedy Space Center. Fla. References: 15 .
1978 - Nation: USA.
External tank for mated vertical ground vibration test delivered. References: 15 .
1978 - - 13:55 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53768-307.
Military navigation satellite. Completion of work on a space navigation system designed to permit determination of the position of Soviet naval and fishing vessels. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1978 - - 23:36 GMT. Nation: International. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur SLV-3D. LV Configuration: Atlas SLV-3D(R) s/n AC-48 / Centaur D-1AR s/n 5028.
Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
1979 - - 10:48 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1981 - - 09:40 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
Covered Oko constellation plane 6 - 115 degree longitude of ascending node. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 100 .
1982 - - 09:07 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53747-241.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1982 - - 16:33 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M.
Replaced Cosmos 1222. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1983 - - 10:48 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Photo surveillance; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1987 - - 00:06 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200L. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 336-02.
MIR module; high energy observatory. Docked with Mir. Rendezvous with Mir 5 April; soft dock 9 April; EVA on 11 April to remove fabric strip from docking apparatus and hard dock; jettisoned service module on 12 April at 22:18
Maneuver Summary:
168 km X 278 km orbit to 172 km X 300 km orbit. Delta V: 7 m/s
169 km X 296 km orbit to 172 km X 314 km orbit. Delta V: 5 m/s
170 km X 313 km orbit to 297 km X 345 km orbit. Delta V: 46 m/s
298 km X 344 km orbit to 345 km X 364 km orbit. Delta V: 18 m/s
Service Module only, after undocking with Mir:
345 km X 364 km orbit to 341 km X 363 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
340 km X 361 km orbit to 383 km X 406 km orbit. Delta V: 24 m/s
Total Delta V: 101 m/s
Officially: Extra-atmospheric astronomic research and resolution of a number of problems with scientific and economic applications.
References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
1988 - - 04:18 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K / 11S86. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 343-02 / 11S86 s/n 54L.
Stationed at 346 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and television broadcasting. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 111 , 274 .
1991 - - 15:12 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC200P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 365-01.
Radar imaging. Second flight of Almaz radarsats taken out of mothballs after death of Ustinov. Returned images of 10 to 15 meter resolution through 17 October 1992. Surveying of the territory of the Soviet Union and of other countries for purposes of geology, cartography, oceanology, ecology and agriculture, and study of the ice situation at high latitudes. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .
1993 - - 03:36 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U2. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U2 s/n N15000-069.
Unmanned resupply vessel to Mir. Conducted docked and undocked longevity spacecraft longevity tests. Docked with Mir on 1 Apr 1993 05:16:18 GMT. Undocked on 11 Aug 1993 15:36:42 GMT. Destroyed in reentry over the South Atlantic on 3 Mar 1994 03:28:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 204.56 days. Total docked time 132.43 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .