| astronautix.com | February 22 |
1944 - Nation: Russia.
1952 - Nation: USA.
1960 - Nation: USSR. Launch Vehicle: R-16.
Council of Soviet Ministers (SM) Decree 236-89 'On creation of the State Commission for the R-16 ICBM' was issued. References: 474 .
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Thor Able-Star. LV Configuration: Thor-DM21 Able-Star.
Dual launch; failed to separate from Transit 3B. Partial Failure. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Veronique.
French Veronique launched capsule containing rat (Hector) to 95-mile altitude, recovered successfully. References: 18 .
1961 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: R-16.
1961 - - 03:45 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17B. Launch Vehicle: Thor Able-Star. LV Configuration: Thor Ablestar s/n 313 AB007?.
Dual launch; failed to separate from Lofti 1. Partial Failure. References: 5 , 6 .
1965 - - 07:41 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
Unsuccessful mission. Voskhod 2 test. Immediately after orbital insertion airlock and spacesuit inflated normally. Then ground controllers sent commands to spacecraft simultaneously instead of sequentially as planned. Signal accidentally set off self destruct mechanism (designed to prevent falling into enemy hands). Blew up past Kamchatka on first orbit. No other test or backup spacecraft built with EVA port. Decision made to go ahead with Voskhod 2 anyway, due to one year leadtime to construct replacement. Planned follow-on Voskhod missions cancelled, including Air Force version, long endurance one man flight, flights by reporters, poets, and scientists.
Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1966 - Nation: USSR.
Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Soviet Ministers Decree 'On Performing in March 1966 the Launch 3KV n6 With Two Cosmonauts for Solving Problems of Extended Space Flight((8-20 Days)--course of Voskhod-3 preparations' was issued. References: 474 .
1966 - - 20:13 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
Successfully recovered March 15, 1966 13:00 GMT. Biosat using Voskhod 3 hardware. 2 dogs carried into lower Van Allen radiation belts.
Officially: Biological research.
References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1967 - - 22:02 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: TA Thor Agena D. LV Configuration: Thor 2C s/n 493 / Agena D SS-01B s/n 1635.
KH-4A. Normal KH-4 mission. Light from horizon camera on both main camera records during 1039-1. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1977 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: Failure in year noted; exact date unknown. .
High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 42 .
1977 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: Shuttle.
Conduct second inert captive flight, Edwards (3 hours, 13 minutes), Enterprise (OV-101) References: 15 .
1977 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: Failure.
High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279 .
1978 - - 23:44 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC3E. Launch Vehicle: Atlas F. LV Configuration: Atlas s/n 64F / SGS-1.
Also known as Navigational Development Satellite 1. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
1979 - - 12:14 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1980 - - 08:35 GMT. Nation: Japan. Launch Site: Tanegashima . Launch Complex: O. Launch Vehicle: N. LV Configuration: N-1 s/n N-6(F).
1986 - - 14:09 GMT. Nation: Sweden. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA1. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 1. LV Configuration: Ariane 1 s/n V16.
Studied magnetic, electric, UV properties of auroral regions. Scientific satellite for the investigation of space plasma physics in the part of the magnetosphere close to the Earth, particularly in connection with the auroral phenomena. The nominal mission period is eight months but an extension can be envisaged. ST /SG/SER.E/167: The satellite Viking has ceased to function on 12 May 1987 due to a gradual degradation of its electrical power supply system. The satellite remains, however, in Earth orbit. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Remote sensing satellite. Registration 1986-1.B References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1989 - - 03:21 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 47111-236.
Military navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1990 - - 23:17 GMT. Nation: Japan. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44L. LV Configuration: Ariane 44L s/n V36. FAILURE: Exploded 100 seconds after liftoff due to water line blockage. This was caused by a piece of cloth found in the first stage Viking engine water cooling system.
Launched with BS-2X. Targeted for Geosynch orbit. References: 5 .
1996 - - 01:30 GMT. Nation: Italy. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-75.
LEO. Tether deployment test; 20 km long tether; satellite unintentionally deployed when tether broke 2/25/96 Reentered Mar 19. References: 4 , 6 , 276 .
Carried TSS-1R tether satellite; satellite tether broke during deployment, making TSS-1R an unintentional free flyer
Payloads: Tethered Satellite System (TSS) Reflight (1R); Orbital Acceleration Research Experiment (OARE) (part of United States Microgravity Payload 3); USMP-3; Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) 09, Block IV; Middeck Glovebox Experiment (MGBX) (part of USMP-3). During the deployment of TSS, the tether broke and the satellite was lost. Additional Details: STS-75. References: 4 , 6 , 7 , 276 .