Launched 11:02 local time. Reached 174.2 km. Carried cosmic and solar radiation, pressure, temperature, biological experiments for Naval Research Lab.

AF flight 8. Stability and control investigation. Plane attained mach 0.997. References: 49 , 97 .

Range achieved 300 km. Successful flight. References: 283 , 344 .

Solar radiation research. Launched at 0724 local time. Reached 109.5 km.

This was the Soviet Union's first attempt at a planetary probe. Mars probe intended to photograph Mars on a flyby trajectory. The possible cause lay in resonance vibrations of upper stages during Stage 2 burning, which led to break of contact in the command potentiometer of the gyrohorizon. As a result a pitch control malfunctioned and the launcher began to veer off the desired ascent profile. On exceeding 7 degrees of veering in pitch, the control system failed. The upper stage with the payload reached an altitude of 120 km before burning up on re-entry into the atmosphere above East Siberia. References: 5 , 64 , 65 , 118 , 296 .

NASA Argo D-4 rocket was launched from Wallops, reaching an altitude of 585 miles and landing 817 miles out in the Atlantic, to gather data on the density of electrically charged helium atoms in the upper atmosphere. References: 18 .

Ionospheric and geodetic data. Spacecraft engaged in research and exploration of the upper atmosphere or outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Major milestones were reached for extending astronauts' staytime on the moon and increasing their mobility for the Apollo 16-20 missions. Modifications in the A7L spacesuit incorporating improved waist mobility were authorized, and letter contract authority for the portable life support system secondary life support system was approved. References: 16 .

KH-9 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

ABM monitoring. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 172 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Seasat was the first satellite designed for remote sensing of the Earth's oceans with synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The mission ended on October 10, 1978 due to a failure of the vehicle's electric power system. The suspicion exists that the satellite was intentionally shut off because the quality and nature of the results obtained alarmed the Pentagon.

High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

After the American decision was taken into 1983 to initiate the 'Star Wars' strategic defence initiative program, Minister of Defence Ustinov requested that the Americans be challenged. As a 'warning shot' the Terra-3 complex was used to track the space shuttle Challenger with a low power laser. This caused malfunctions to on-board equipment and temporary blinding of the crew, leading to a US diplomatic protest.

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Military store-dump communications satellite. Six satellites launched by a single carrier rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Mass model of Strela-3. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 105 .

Radar calibration mission. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Second successful Zenit-3SL flight from the Odyssey launch platform in the Pacific Ocean at 154 deg W, 0 deg N. First flight to carry a commercial payload. The satellite used its R-4D apogee engine to enter geostationary orbit at 81.6 deg W. Finally stationed at 101 deg W.