| astronautix.com | May 23 |
1933 - Nation: USA.
1953 - Nation: USSR. Launch Vehicle: R-5.
Completion of first series of 8 R-5 flight tests. 2 achieved 270 km range, 5, 1200 km range, and one, 550 km range. References: 283 , 344 .
1955 - Nation: Russia. Launch Vehicle: M-52, RSR.
P V Tsybin�s OKB-256 selected to build the RS ramjet-powered Mach 3 intercontinental reconnaissance/strike aircraft. The aircraft, air-launched from a Tu-95N bomber, was in competition with the V M Myasishchev (OKB-23) RSS-52 system.
1955 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Vehicle: Redstone.
Project Orbiter Conference was held at Redstone Arsenal and at Cape Canaveral. References: 17 .
1958 - Nation: Germany.
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2.
Representatives from Avco Manufacturing Corporation made a presentation to MSC on a proposal for a space station. Prime purpose of the station, company spokesmen said, was to determine the effects of zero-g on the crew's ability to stand reentry and thus fix the limit that man could safely remain in orbit. Avco's proposed station design comprised three separate tubes about 3 m in diameter and 6 m long, launched separately aboard Titan IIs and joined in a triangular shape in orbit. A standard Gemini spacecraft was to serve as ferry vehicle.
1963 - Nation: USA.
MIT suggested a major redesign of the Apollo guidance computer to make the CM and LEM computers as similar as possible. NASA approved the redesign and the Raytheon Company, subcontractor for the computer, began work. References: 16 .
1965 - Nation: USA.
The Life Sciences Committee of the National Academy of Sciences' Space Science Board recommended to NASA that American astronauts returning from the moon and planets be kept in quarantine for at least three weeks to prevent possible contamination of the earth by extraterrestrial organisms, Additional Details: American Apollo astronauts returning from the moon to be quarantined. References: 16 .
1966 - Nation: USSR.
Decree 43/47 '0n creation of the Civilian detachment of cosmonauts' was issued. References: 474 .
1968 - - 04:38 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC10W. Launch Vehicle: Thor Burner. LV Configuration: Thor Burner 2 s/n 277.
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1969 - - 07:57 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC41. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3C. LV Configuration: Titan 3C s/n 3C-15.
VLF plasma wave detection. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Solar flare particle detectors. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Radiation, low-energy particle, solar flare data. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1973 - - 10:33 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1974 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC43. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: A problem in separation of the second and third stages of resulted in radio contact being lost with the spacecraft at T+439.6 sec. This automatically triggered the destruct charge in the Yantar OSA Descent Module, destroying the spacecraft and booster.
First test launch of Yantar second generation reconnaissance spacecraft. References: 42 , 69 .
1975 - Nation: USA.
Wings on dock, Palmdale-less elevons, seals and main gear doors-Enterprise (OV-101) References: 15 .
1975 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg .
First use of the Minuteman I booster, replacing the Atlas, for the ABRES program. References: 88 .
1977 - - 12:28 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC90. Launch Vehicle: Tsyklon 2.
ASAT interceptor. Failed to intercept Cosmos 909. Deorbited using on-board engine. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 272 .
1977 - - 18:13 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC13. Launch Vehicle: Atlas / Agena D SLV-3A. LV Configuration: Atlas s/n 5507A / Agena D A s/n 2807.
1978 - - 07:30 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC43/4. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 103 .
1978 - - 16:48 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53768-310.
Military navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1979 - - 23:00 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC81P. Launch Vehicle: Proton 8K82K. LV Configuration: Proton 8K82K s/n 300-02.
Test of TKS-VA manned capsule. Two satellites launched by a single rocket. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 , 439 .
Dual test of TKS-VA manned capsule. One vehicle reentered and landed after two orbits, the other after one orbit. The top capsule was to have been manned, but the inability to demonstrate two consecutive failure free launches of the Proton/TKS-VA combination made that impossible. This launch successfully demonstrated the reusability of the TKS-VA capusle; the same pair had flown as Cosmos 997/998 on 30 March 1978. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 , 439 .
1980 - - 07:10 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC43/3. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 103 .
1980 - - 14:29 GMT. Nation: Europe. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA1. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 1. LV Configuration: Ariane 1 s/n LO2. FAILURE: Failure.
The satellite never obtained orbit. Weight 92.2 kg. Mode B (435 MHz uplink and 145 MHz downlink) transponder and 145 MHz beacon. VHF and UHF helix wide beam antenna. References: 279 .
1981 - - 22:42 GMT. Nation: International. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur SLV-3D. LV Configuration: Atlas SLV-3D(R) s/n AC-56 / Centaur D-1AR s/n 5036.
Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). Launch vehicle put payload into geosynchronous transfer orbit References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
1982 - - 05:57 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. LV Configuration: Soyuz 11A511U s/n Ts15000-283.
Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 7. Transport of various cargoes to the Salyut-7 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 7 on 25 May 1982 07:56:36 GMT. Undocked on 4 Jun 1982 06:31:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 6 Jun 1982 00:05:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.81 days. Total docked time 9.94 days. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 275 .
1984 - - 01:33 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA1. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 1. LV Configuration: Ariane 1 s/n V9.
Stationed at 120 deg W. C, Ku band communications satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1985 - - 12:43 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
High resolution photo reconnaissance. Spacecraft failed. Blown up in orbit on June 21. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 179 .
1986 - - 13:12 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53772-362.
Military navigation satellite. Replaced Cosmos 1627. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1995 - - 05:52 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas I. LV Configuration: Atlas I s/n AC-77 / Centaur I s/n 5057.
Stationed at 135 deg W. Launch vehicle put payload into supersynchronous earth orbit with MRS trajectory option. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .