| astronautix.com | March 28 |
1935 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Goddard A.
Rocket had improved gyro stabilisation; length 14 ft 9 3/4 in.; empty weight 78 1/2 lb; altitude 4800 ft; average speed 550 mph; corrected its flight perfectly several times, for several hundred feet; horizontal distance, 13,000 ft; total time of flight, 20 sec. References: 482 .
1946 - Nation: Netherlands.
1951 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Holloman . Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. LV Configuration: RTV-A-1.
Airglow research. Launched at 1614 local time. Reached 68 km.
1957 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. LV Configuration: RTV-N-10c.
Night sky research. Launched at 2151 local time. Reached 135 km.
1960 - Nation: USA.
Between March 28,1960 and April 1, 1960, the astronauts received their first open-water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, in cooperation with the Navy's School of Aviation Medicine. The training was conducted in conditions of up to 10-foot swells, and no problems were experienced. The average egress time was about 4 minutes from a completely restrained condition in the spacecraft to being in the life raft. References: 483 .
1960 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I.
Two of Saturn's first-stage engines passed initial static firing test of 7.83 seconds duration at Huntsville, Ala. References: 17 , 27 .
1961 - Nation: USA.
USAF Dyna-Soar System Project Office personnel visited NASA headquarters for review of technical and management programs. References: 18 .
1963 - Nation: USA.
Associate Administrator Robert C. Seamans, Jr., asked Abraham Hyatt of Headquarters to organize a task team to study the concept of a Manned Earth Orbiting Laboratory. Seamans pointed out that such a laboratory was under consideration by several government agencies and that NASA and the Department of Defense were at that time supporting a number of advanced feasibility studies. He said that such a laboratory bore a very heavy interrelationship between manned space flight, space sciences, and advanced research and technology and that NASA's top management was faced with the decision whether to initiate hardware development. Hyatt's aft's team thus must examine broadly the needs of an orbiting laboratory from NASA's viewpoint, as well as that of outside agencies, and the operational and scientific factors impinging on any possible decision to undertake hardware development.
1963 - - 03:12 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC34. Launch Vehicle: Saturn I. LV Configuration: Saturn I Block 1 s/n SA-4.
Fourth suborbital test of Saturn I. The S-I Saturn stage reached an altitude of 129 kilometers (80 statute miles) and a peak velocity of 5,906 kilometers (3,660 miles) per hour. This was the last of four successful tests for the first stage of the Saturn I vehicle. After 100 seconds of flight, No. 5 of the booster's eight engines was cut off by a preset timer. That engine's propellants were rerouted to the remaining seven, which continued to burn. This experiment confirmed the "engine-out" capability that MSFC engineers had designed into the Saturn I. References: 5 , 16 .
1966 - Nation: Russia.
Korolev was always interested in application of artificial gravity for large space stations and interplanetary craft. After Korolev�s death, the project was closed by Mishin and not pursued further.
1969 - - 16:00 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63.
Possible solar flare monitor. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .
1970 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Johnson Island . Launch Vehicle: Thor. LV Configuration: Thor 152.
1978 - - 01:26 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53746-314.
Military navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1981 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: Failure of launch vehicle.
Yantar Area survey photo reconnaissance spacecraft failed to achieve orbit. References: 42 .
1983 - - 15:52 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas s/n 73E / Star-37S-ISS.
Carried search and rescue package. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
1986 - - 23:30 GMT. Nation: Brazil. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 2/3. LV Configuration: Ariane 3 s/n V17.
Ku band communications satellite. Stationed at 70 degrees W. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Stationed at 105 deg W. Brazilsat 1 & 2 provide telecommunications services to Brazil. Canada's Spar Aerospace was awarded a $125 million contract to build, under license, two satellites based on Hughes' HS-376 design (similar to Anik D). Brazilsat 1 & 2 were the first two elements of Brazil's national Sistema Barasilero de Telecommunicacoes por Satelite (SBTS) network. Spacecraft: Based on Hughes HS-376, single antenna on despun platform, spin stabilised, hydrazine thrusters, body mounted solar cells provide 982 W BOL. Payload: 24 C-band transponders with 6 spares, 10 W TWTA, EIRP >34 dBW over most of Brazilian territory
Financial/Operational:
Contract issued in 1990 for 2 units HS-376W. B1-B2 have dedicated transponders for government use.
References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1988 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: Jubilee.
1995 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Aries.
1995 - - 09:00 GMT. Nation: Mexico. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC158. Launch Vehicle: Start. FAILURE: Fell in Sea of Okhotsk.
UNAMSAT was an AMSAT Microsat class amateur radio satellite built by UNAM, the Autonomous University of Mexico. References: 2 , 5 .
Eksperimentalniy Kosmicheskiy Apparat - dummy of test satellite. References: 2 , 5 .
1995 - - 23:14 GMT. Nation: Europe. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 44LP. LV Configuration: Ariane 44LP+ s/n V71.
Stationed at 13.0 deg E. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
Stationed at 65.1 deg W. References: 2 , 5 , 6 .
1996 - - 00:21 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC17A. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925. LV Configuration: Delta 7925 / Delta s/n 234.
1999 - - 01:30 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Sea Launch . Launch Complex: Odyssey. Launch Vehicle: Zenit-3SL.
The first Boeing Sea Launch mission. The Zenit-3SL lifted off from the Odyssey floating platform on the equator at 154 degrees West longitude. The DemoSat payload was an instrumented dynamic model of an HS-702 satellite built by Boeing Commercial Space/Kent. 13 minutes after launch, the Block DM-SL upper stage completed its first burn and entered a 180 km x 735 km x 1.2 degree parking orbit. A second burn 47 minutes after launch placed DemoSat in a 638 km x 36,064 km x 1.2 degree geostationary transfer orbit. Three hours later, a third DM-SL burn lowered the stage's perigee so that it would re-enter quickly.