| astronautix.com | August 22 |
1932 - Nation: USA.
1946 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 number 11.
Launched 10:15 local time. Launch failure. Carried pressure, density, ionosphere, sky brightness experiments for Air Research and Development Command.
1951 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 number TF-1.
TF-1 was the first V-2 launched by an all US Army team that was taking over from the General Electric crew as GE's contract to assemble, test and launch the missiles was coming to a close. It was the 'Final Exam' for this new team to prove were capable of handling the program from then on. Since no experiments were to be on board it was decided to shoot for an altitude record, and various modifications were made to this end. TF-1 was launched 12:00 local time. and reached 213.9 km.
1951 - Nation: USA.
AF flight 1. Launch aborted, but X-1D suffered low-order explosion during pressurization for fuel jettison. Plane jettisoned from B-50. X-1D exploded on impact with desert. Everest managed to get into B-50 bomb bay before drop. References: 49 , 97 .
1952 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Complex: LC33. Launch Vehicle: V-2. LV Configuration: V-2 number TF-3.
Launched 00:33 local time. Reached 78.2 km. Carried composition, pressure, magnetic field, solar radiation; cosmic radiation (National Institute of Health); sky brightness (Air Research and Development Command) experiments for Naval Research Lab. V-2 number TF-2 was flown as contractor vehicle 59.
1958 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Inyokern . Launch Vehicle: NOTS. LV Configuration: Project Pilot s/n 3. FAILURE: Radio contact lost; possibly reached orbit.
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: LC576-B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas D. LV Configuration: Atlas 101D.
1962 - Nation: USA.
Responsibility for the design and manufacture of the reaction controls for the Apollo command module was shifted from The Marquardt Corporation to the Rocketdyne Division of NAA, with NASA concurrence. References: 16 .
1962 - Nation: USA.
The length of the Apollo service module was increased from 11 feet 8 inches to 12 feet 11 inches to provide space for additional fuel. References: 16 .
1963 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Kapustin Yar . Launch Complex: Mayak-2. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 63S1. FAILURE: First stage failed.
1963 - - 00:00 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 3 Flight 22.
Unofficial world altitude record. Maximum Speed - 6105 kph. Maximum Altitude - 107960 m. Second X-15 astronaut flight (FAI definition); fifth astronaut wings flight (USAF definition). References: 33 , 38 , 49 , 97 .
1964 - - 07:12 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78 s/n R103-36.
Successful launch of first Soviet communications satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 64 .
1964 - - 11:02 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Kapustin Yar . Launch Complex: Mayak-2. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 63S1.
1966 - Nation: USA.
NASA informed four firms that had completed design studies on the Apollo experiment pallet that there would be no hardware development and fabrication of the pallet. The four firms had been selected in November 1965 to make four-month studies of a pallet to carry experiments in the spacecraft SM during the Apollo manned lunar landings. The firms were Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, Calif.; The Martin Co., Denver, Colo.; McDonnell Aircraft Corp., St. Louis, Mo.; and Northrop Space Laboratories, Hawthorne, Calif. References: 16 .
1968 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Wallops Island . Launch Vehicle: Scout B.
Suborbital. References: 5 .
1969 - Nation: USA.
NASA named Rocco A. Petrone, Director of Launch Operations at KSC, to succeed Samuel C. Phillips as Director of the Apollo Program effective September 1. References: 16 .
1969 - - 14:15 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .
1970 - - 05:06 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC31. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. FAILURE: The escape stage Block L's engine 11D33 was late igniting and cut off early at 25 seconds after firing due to abnormal operation of the sequencer and a DC transformer failure.
Probable Venus probe failure. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 64 , 65 .
1973 - - 11:25 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC133/1. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K63.
Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .
1975 - - 02:09 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M.
1980 - - 10:00 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 103 .
1985 - - 19:26 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M / ML.
Replaced Molniya 1-61. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1989 - - 12:57 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
Military cartographic satellite; returned film capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .
1991 - - 12:43 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53778-429.
Military navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1992 - - 22:40 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC36B. Launch Vehicle: Atlas I. LV Configuration: Atlas I MPF s/n AC-71 / Centaur I s/n 5051. FAILURE: Destroyed by range safety. Centaur engine turbopump did not start. Identical to the 18 April 1991 failure.
Communications was lost with the spacecraft on August 22, 1993 as it was preparing to go into orbit around Mars, and no significant scientific data was returned. Later investigation indicated this was due to a propulsion system explosion caused by propellants leaking past faulty valves.
1997 - Nation: Russia.
Connected Spektr power cables. Surveyed interior of depressurised Spektr module. Retrieved equipment and belongings from module. References: 66 .