| astronautix.com | June 20 |
1941 - Nation: Germany.
U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull approved the transfer of von Braun's German rocket specialists to the United States. This transfer was known as Operation Paperclip.
1945 - Nation: USA.
1948 - Nation: USA.
1950 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Holloman . Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. LV Configuration: RTV-A-1.
Temperature, pressure research. Launched at 0838 local time. Reached 92.6 km.
1953 - Nation: USA.
1954 - Nation: Israel.
1955 - Nation: USA.
1956 - Nation: USSR. Launch Vehicle: R-2, R-5.
Decree 'MOP On production of the R-5A and R-2A scientific missiles at Plant No. 586' was issued. References: 474 .
1956 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Holloman . Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. LV Configuration: AJ 10-34.
Ionosphere research. Launched at 1120 local time. Reached 111.1 km.
1956 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Wallops Island . Launch Vehicle: Cajun.
First Cajun research rocket successfully launched at NACA Wallops Island, Va. References: 17 .
1957 - Nation: USA.
One group concerned themselves with performance of aircraft at high speeds and altitudes and with rocket research; the other group, with problems associated with hypersonic flight and reentry. References: 483 .
1959 - Nation: China.
The Soviet CPCE advises China it will not provide prototype or drawings of atomic bombs as agreed previously. References: 87 .
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Thor. LV Configuration: Thor 276.
1963 - Nation: USA.
Sled test No. 2, the first dynamic dual-ejection test of the Gemini escape system, was run at China Lake. Both seats ejected and all systems functioned properly. The test was scheduled to be rerun, however, because the sled failed to attain high enough velocity. The purpose of sled tests in the ejection seat development program was to simulate various high-altitude abort situations. Sled test No. 3 was successfully run on August 9. Further tests were delayed while the ejection system was being redesigned. A modified egress kit was tested in two dummy drops on December 12, with no problems indicated. Gemini Project Office directed McDonnell to proceed with plans for the next sled test. Developmental sled testing on the escape system, incorporating the redesigned egress kit and a soft survival pack, resumed on January 16, 1964, with test No. 4; all systems functioned normally. Test No. 5, the planned repetition of test No. 2, brought developmental sled testing to an end on February 7.
1966 - Nation: USSR.
De Gaulle was shown a Vostok launch vehicle, scientific satellites, a Zenit-2 reconnaissance satellite, and viewed launches of an R-16 ICBM and Vostok space launcher. This was the first view by westerners of these systems. All such visits entailed a major effort by staff to fix up the cosmodrome, prepare illustrated materials, clean and paint all facilities, and so on.
1967 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57. FAILURE: Failure.
High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 279 .
1967 - - 16:19 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3B. LV Configuration: Titan 3B s/n 3B-8 / Agena D.
KH-8 type satellite. Space craft engaged in investigation of spaceflight techniques and technology (US Cat A). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1968 - - 21:46 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC1E. Launch Vehicle: LT Thor Agena D. LV Configuration: Thor 2L s/n 517 / Agena D s/n 1645.
Radar monitoring. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 172 .
KH-4A. Out-of-focus imagery is present on both main camera records. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1971 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Wallops Island . Launch Vehicle: Scout B.
Suborbital. References: 5 .
1973 - - 06:14 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC132. Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53724-116.
Military navigation satellite. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1975 - - 06:57 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M.
1983 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Vehicle: Titan 34D.
First of seven Titan 34D launches from the West Coast. References: 88 .
1983 - - 18:45 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4E. Launch Vehicle: Titan 34D. LV Configuration: Titan 34D s/n 34D-5 (04D-3).
KH-9 type satellite. Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
ABM monitoring; may or may not have existed!!!. References: 2 , 5 , 6 , 172 .
1986 - Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: Jubilee.
Time 25 minutes. References: 81 .
1986 - - 21:09 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M. LV Configuration: Molniya 8K78M / ML.
Replaced Molniya 3-20. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR; transmission of USSR Central Television programmes to stations in the Orbita network and within the framework of international cooperation. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1987 - - 02:38 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC3W. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas s/n 59E / Star-37S-ISS.
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 278 .
1996 - - 14:49 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC39B. Launch Vehicle: Shuttle. LV Configuration: STS-78.
LEO. Columbia; carried Terence T. Henricks, Kevin R. Kregel, Susan J. Helms, Richard M. Linnehan, Charles E. Brady, Jr., Jean-Jacques Favier, Robert Brent Thirsk; carried Life and Microgravity Spacelab; human biological and microgravity experiments. Landed aboard STS-78. References: 4 , 6 , 276 .
Carried Life and Microgravity Spacelab; human biological and microgravity experiments. Landed KSC July 7. Additional Details: STS-78. References: 4 , 6 , 7 , 276 .
1996 - - 18:45 GMT. Nation: Russia. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC16/2. Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U. FAILURE: Launch vehicle failure.
High resolution photo reconnaissance mission. References: 4 .
1999 - - 02:15 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4W. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2. LV Configuration: Titan 23G s/n 23G-7.
NASA's QuikScat carried the SeaWinds scatterometer for remote sensing of ocean winds. The Titan 2�s second stage shut down at 02:20 GMT and then coasted to apogee still attached to the QuikScat. The Titan second stage vernier thrusters ignited at apogee to raise perigee, leaving QuikScat in a 280 km x 813 km x 98.7 degree parking orbit. The QuikScat's own hydrazine propulsion system then fired to raise the perigee over a period of weeks.