| astronautix.com | May 12 |
1946 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Word Circling Space Ship.
Project RAND filed a report entitled 'Preliminary Design of an Experimental World Circling Space Ship,' which indicated the technical feasibility of building and launching an artificial satellite. References: 483 .
1950 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: White Sands . Launch Vehicle: Aerobee. LV Configuration: RTV-N-10.
Cosmic radiation research. Launched at 0530 local time. Reached 88.1 km.
1950 - Nation: USA.
AF flight 59. Last flight of XS-1 No. 1 rocket research airplane, for RKO motion picture "Test Pilot," which was turned over to the National Air Museum at the Smithsonian on August 28th. References: 17 , 49 , 97 .
1950 - Nation: USA.
NACA flight 34. Spanwise pressure distribution, stability and control. Pull-ups and rolls. References: 49 , 97 .
1960 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 1 Flight 7.
Maximum Speed - 3397 kph. Maximum Altitude - 23738 m. References: 38 , 49 , 97 .
1961 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC11. Launch Vehicle: Atlas E. LV Configuration: Atlas 12E.
1962 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Titan 2, SLV-3 Atlas / Agena D.
James E. Webb, NASA's new Administrator, reviewed the Gemini program. Project Gemini cost estimates at this point ($744.3 million) had increased substantially over the original estimate of $250 million. Estimated spacecraft cost had risen from $240.5 to $391.6 million; Titan II cost, from $113.0 to $161.8 million; Atlas-Agena, from $88.0 to $106.3 million; and supporting development (including the paraglider program), from $29.0 to $36.8 million. Estimated operations costs had declined from $59.0 to $47.8 million.
1962 - Nation: UK.
1964 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Edwards . Launch Vehicle: X-15A. LV Configuration: X-15 No. 3 Flight 28.
Maximum Speed - 4962 kph. Maximum Altitude - 22189 m. References: 38 , 49 , 97 .
1965 - Nation: USA.
Developmental testing began on a new landing device for the CM, one using rockets (mounted on the heatshield) that would be ignited immediately before impact. The current method for ensuring the integrity of the spacecraft during a landing in rough water involved strengthening of the aft structure. The new concept, should it prove practicable, would offer a twofold advantage: first, it would lighten the CM considerably; second, it would provide an improved emergency landing capability. References: 16 .
1965 - Nation: USA. Launch Vehicle: Saturn IB.
MSFC informed MSC that the thrust of the H-1 engine was being uprated to 1,000 kilonewtons (205,000 lbs), thus increasing the Saturn IB's payload capability. References: 16 .
1965 - Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC18. Launch Vehicle: Blue Scout Junior. LV Configuration: Blue Scout Junior SLV-1B.
Suborbital. References: 5 .
1967 - - 10:30 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Complex: LC1. Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Program partially completed. Bad quality film loaded into SA-20 camera. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 93 .
1970 - - 10:10 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Voskhod 11A57.
Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite. Partially successful. Failure of SA-10B camera on 42nd orbit. References: 1 , 2 , 6 , 93 .
1971 - Nation: USA.
Maximum Speed - 1477 kph. Maximum Altitude - 21610 m. Flight Time - 423 sec. References: 49 , 97 .
1976 - - 17:57 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Complex: LC41/1. Launch Vehicle: Molniya 8K78M.
Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international coope ration scheme). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1977 - - 14:26 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Cape Canaveral . Launch Complex: LC40. Launch Vehicle: Titan 3C. LV Configuration: Titan 3C s/n 23C-14.
Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Spacecraft engaged in practical applications and uses of space technology such as weather or communication (US Cat C). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1978 - - 04:04 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Vostok 8A92M.
1978 - - 11:02 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Kosmos 11K65M. LV Configuration: Kosmos 11K65M s/n 53746-318.
Radar calibration mission. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1988 - - 14:38 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Plesetsk . Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 11A511U.
1993 - - 00:57 GMT. Nation: Europe. Launch Site: Kourou . Launch Complex: ELA2. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42L. LV Configuration: Ariane 42L s/n V56.
Stationed at 1.2 deg E. TV distribution services to Western Europe and the Canary Islands under franchise from the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Contracted and controlled by the private company formed in 1985 called Société Europíenne des Satellites (SES). This is the third in a series of 4 medium power satellites, and will act primarily as Astra 1A's backup. Spacecraft: HS-601 platform.3-axis unified ARC 22 N and one Marquardt 490 N bipropellant thrusters, Sun and Barnes Earth sensors and two 61 Nms 2-axis gimballed momentum bias wheels.1658 kg nitrogen tetroxide & MMH in four spheres. Spin-stabilised in transfer orbit. Twin solar wings of three 2.16 x 2.54 m panels carrying large area silicon cells on Kevlar substrate to satisfy 3.3 kW requirement. Eclipse protection provided by Nickel hydrogen batteries. Payload: 18 eclipse protected transponders, plus six spares with 63W TWTA 10.95-11.200 Ghz down Ku-band European beams in 250 Mhz band adjacent (below) to Astra 1A, 26 Mhz bandwidth, eirp 50 dBW min, orthogonal polarisation, operating in the FSS range References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
Operated by Radio Amateur Club de LeSpace. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .
1995 - Nation: Russia.
Retracted solar array. References: 66 .
1996 - - 21:32 GMT. Nation: USA. Launch Site: Vandenberg . Launch Complex: SLC4E. Launch Vehicle: Titan 4. LV Configuration: Titan 403A s/n K-22 (45F-11).
Unknown orbit References: 4 , 6 .
2000 - Nation: Russia.
The cosmonauts entered open space via the air-lock of Kvant-2 at 10:44 GMT. The Germatizator experiment, the use of a special glue to seal off cracks on the outside surface of the complex, was executed according to plan. An inspection of a malfunctioning solar panel on Kvant-1showed that the steering cable to the rotor was burnt through due to a short-circuit and was beyond repair. The cosmonauts dismantled an experimental lightweight solar battery from the outer surface of the SO docking compartment. The last activity was the panorama-inspection, making images of the outside of the complex to enable specialist to analyse the effects of ageing of the material. The hatch was closed on what might have been the last spacewalk on Mir at 15:36 GMT.