The launch was evidently scrubbed or failed. References: 17 .

Decree 5744-2162 'On creation of Second Chief Directorate of Council of Ministers to manage uranium mining' was issued. References: 474 .

First prototype of Asp (atmospheric sounding projectile) sounding rocket, capable of payloads up to 80 pounds, launched successfully at NAMTC at Point Mugu, Calif. References: 17 .

Prototype RORSAT hardware using chemical batteries in place of BES-5 nuclear reactor. First satellite to be boosted to 900 km storage orbit. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 290 .

Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; deployed science capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Upper atmosphere, auroral studies. Investigation of physical phenomena in the Earth's upper atmosphere at high latitudes and study of the nature of auroras. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 99 .

Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Ocean surveillance; nuclear powered. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Decay date suspect Continued operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communication system within the Soviet Union and transmission of USSR central television programmes to stations in the Orbita and participating international networks (international cooperation scheme). References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Released 18 Romb radar calibration subsatellites. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Launch vehicle test. Dummy payload. Probable failure of launch vehicle stage to reach proper orbit. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule. References: 1 , 2 , 6 .

Subscale Spiral spaceplane. In a new mission profile, braked out of orbit over the South Atlantic and was recovered in the Black Sea after one orbit of the Earth. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 99 deg E. Transmitting USSR Central Television programmes to a network of communal receivers. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Believed to be a modernised version of the Taifun-1 satellite, built by NPO Yuzhnoe. The satellite carried 36 small Calibration Spherical Object subsatellites to test Russian radars. These were released between December 27, 1989 and November 1, 1991. While Cosmos 2053 re-entered in 1997, by May 1999 the S5M upper stage was still in a 471 km x 485 km x 73.5 deg orbit. An on-board explosion blew it into 25 new objects. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 .

Stationed at 346 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. The third Altair/SR geosynchronous satellite for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. Combined with Cosmos 1897, it permitted Mir to maintain contact with Mission Control in Moscow 70% of the time. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Stationed at 49 deg E; second launch of alternate Raduga design. Further expansion of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system in the territory of the USSR. References: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 67 , 274 .

Early warning satellite, carrying a large telescope to monitor missile launches. The payload and fourth stage were placed in an initial 229 km x 523 km x 62.8 deg orbit; the fourth stage (Block-2BL) fired over South America on the first orbit and delivered the payload to its 12-hour final orbit.