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The Global Rocket 1 (GR-1) requirement of 1961 called for a system to place a large nuclear warhead equipped with a deorbit rocket stage into a low earth orbit of 150 km altitude. The warhead could approach the United States from any direction, below missile tracking radar, so little warning was available. Not only could such a missile hit any point on earth, but the enemy would also be uncertain when it would be deorbited onto target. The main disadvantage was lower accuracy of the warhead in comparison to an ICBM.
Chelomei proposed his UR-200 for the requirement, while Yangel offered the R-36, and Korolev the 8K713. Development problems with the 8K713�s NK-9 engine resulted in continual delays, resulting in cancellation of Korolev�s competitor in 1964. Following Khrushchev�s ouster from power in October 1964, Chelomei�s UR-200 project was reviewed and cancelled. This left Yangel�s R-36 for the mission.
Flight trials of the system were conducted 1965 to 1972. Since orbiting of nuclear weapons was a violation of international treaty, the Soviet Union conducted all tests on a 'fractional orbit' basis - i.e. the test warheads were deorbited after less than one orbit of the earth. The system was in service at 18 siloes at Baikonur from 1969 to 1983.
Launches: 24. Failures: 1. Success Rate: 95.83% pct. First Launch Date: 16 December 1965. Last Launch Date: 09 August 1971. LEO Payload: 3,000 kg. to: 150 km Orbit. at: 52.0 degrees. Liftoff Thrust: 241,300 kgf. Total Mass: 182,000 kg. Core Diameter: 3.0 m. Total Length: 33.0 m. Flyaway Unit Cost $: 8.00 million. in 1985 unit dollars.
Decree 'On Important Development of Intercontinental Ballistic and Global Missiles and Carriers-Rockets for Space Objects--work on the N1, R-36, R-36-O, and R-56' was issued.
State Committee for Defence Technology (GKOT) Decree 'On Detailed Work on Ampulized R-36 and R-36-O Missiles--design work on the R-36 and R-36-O missiles' was issued.
Decree 'On Creation of an R-36 Based Carrier Rocket for Launching the IS and US KA--start of work on an R-36-based launch vehicle for the IS and US programs' was issued. After Khrushchev was ousted from power, Chelomei's projects were examined by an expert commission under M V Keldysh. It was found that Yangel�s R-36 rocket was superior to Chelomei�s UR-200. The UR-200 was cancelled; the IS and US satellites would be launched by the R-36 11K67. The Tsyklon 2 definitive operational version replaced the 11K67 launch vehicle from 1969.
Possible Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test.
Possible Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Decree 715-240 'On the Creation of Space Systems for Naval Reconnaissance Comprising the US sat and the R-36-based booster -further work on the US naval reconnaissance satellite, approval of work on the Yantar-2K, and course of work on 7K-VI Zvezda'.
An entire family of Yantar spacecraft was proposed by Kozlov�s design bureau during the initial development; information on two film return models has been declassified. Yantar was initially derived from the Soyuz spacecraft, including systems developed for the Soyuz VI military model. During design and development this changed until it had very little in common with Soyuz.
Following numerous problems in the first flight tests of the Soyuz 7K-OK, Kozlov ordered a complete redesign of the 7K-VI manned military spacecraft. The new spacecraft, with a crew of two, would have a total mass of 6.6 tonnes and could operate for a month in orbit. The new design switched the positions of the Soyuz descent module and the orbital modules and was 300 kg too heavy for the standard 11A511 launch vehicle. Therefore Kozlov designed a new variant of the Soyuz launch vehicle, the 11A511M. The project was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party, with first flight to be in 1968 and operations to begin in 1969. The booster design, with unknown changes to the basic Soyuz, did not go into full production.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Probable Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Probable Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Decree 'On adoption of the R-36-O into armaments' was issued.
Possible Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Possible Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test.
Possible Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.
Possible Fractional Orbital Bombardment System test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.