astronautix.com | Skylab 4 |
Final Skylab mission; included observation and photography of Comet Kohoutek among numerous experiments. Completed 1,214 Earth orbits and four EVAs totalling 22 hours, 13 minutes. Increased manned space flight time record by 50%. Rebellion by crew against NASA Ground Control overtasking led to none of the crew ever flying again. Biological experiments included two Mummichog fish (Fundulus heteroclitus).
The space vehicle consisted of a modified Apollo CSM and a Saturn IB launch vehicle. All launch phase events were normal, and the CSM was inserted into a 150.1- by 227.08-km orbit. The rendezvous sequence was performed according to the anticipated timeline. Stationkeeping was initiated about seven and one-half hours after liftoff, and hard docking was achieved about 30 minutes later following two unsuccessful docking attempts. Planned duration of the mission was 56 days, with the option of extending it to a maximum of 84 days.
SKYLAB STATISTICAL SUMMARY ORBITAL PARAMETERS 268.1 x 269.5 Miles ORBITAL INCLINATION 50 Degrees ORBITAL PERIOD APP. 93 MINUTES DISTANCE/ ORBIT 26,575 MILES DISTANCE TRAVELED/Miles SL-2 SL-3 SL-4 TOTALS (MANNED) 11.5 Million 24.5 Million 34.5 Million 70.5 Million Miles MISSION DURATION 28 DAYS 59 DAYS 84 DAYS 171 DAYS 49 MIN 11 HRS 9 MIN 01 HR 16 MIN 13 HRS 14 MIN NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS (MANNED) 404 858 1214 2476 ______________________________________________________________________ Skylab-4 MANHOUR UTILIZATION MEDICAL ACTIVITIES 366.7 " 6.1 " SOLAR OBSERVATIONS 519.0 " 8.5 " EARTH RESOURCES 274.5 " 4.5 " OTHER EXPERIMENTS 403.0 " 6.7 " SLEEP, REST & OFF DUTY 1846.5 " 30.5 " PRE/POST SLEEP & EATING 1384.0 " 23.0 " HOUSEKEEPING 298.9 " 4.9 " PHYSICAL TRAINING & PERSONAL HYGIENE 384.5 " 6.4 " OTHER (EVA) ETC 571.4 " 9.4 " TOTAL: 6048.5 " 100 " Skylab TOTALS FOR SL-2, SL-3 AND SL-4 MEDICAL ACTIVITIES 824.5 " 6.9 " SOLAR RESOURCES 941.3 " 7.9 " EARTH RESOURCES 569.4 " 4.8 " OTHER EXPERIMENTS 712.0 " 6.0 " SLEEP, REST & OFF DUTY 3746.6 " 31.5 " PRE/POST SLEEP & EATING 2836.8 " 23.8 " HOUSEKEEPING 560.9 " 4.7 " PHYSICAL TRAINING & PERSONAL HYGIENE 642.9 " 5.4 " OTHER (EVA) ETC 1083.6 " 9.0 " TOTAL: 11918.0 " 100 " ====================================================================== EXPERIMENT PERFORMANCE SL-2 SL-3 SL-4 TOTALS HOURS % HOURS % HOURS % HOURS % SOLAR ASTRONOMY 117.2 29.9 305.1 28.2 519.0 33.2 941.3 31.0 EARTH OBSERVATIONS 71.4 18.2 223.5 20.6 274.5 17.6 569.4 18.8 STUDENT 3.7 0.9 10.8 1.0 14.8 0.9 29.3 0.9 ASTROPHYSICS 36.6 9.4 103.8 9.6 133.8 8.5 274.2 9.0 MAN/SYSTEMS 12.1 3.1 117.4 10.8 83.0 5.3 212.5 7.0 MATERIALS SCIENCE 5.9 1.5 8.4 0.8 15.4 1.0 29.7 1.0 LIFE SCIENCE 145.3 37.0 312.5 29.0 366.7 23.5 824.5 27.2 KOHOUTEK ----- ---- ----- ---- 156.0 10.0 156.0 5.1 TOTALS 392.2 100 1081.5 100 1563.2 100 3036.9 100 ====================================================================== EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES SL-2 SL-3 SL-4 STAND UP EVA 05-25-73 33 MIN EVA 1 06-07-73 08-06-73 11-22-73 4 HRS 10 MIN 6 HRS 31 MIN 6 HRS 33 MIN EVA 2 06-19-73 08-24-73 12-25-73 1 HR 37 MIN 4 HRS 30 MIN 6 HRS 51 MIN EVA 3 09-22-73 12-29-73 2 HRS 42 MIN 3 HRS 30 MIN EVA 4 02-03-74 5 HRS 19 MIN TOTALS: 6 HRS 20 MIN 13 HRS 43 MIN 22 HRS 13 MIN TOTAL TIME: 41 HRS 22 MIN ====================================================================== DATE RETURNED SL-2 SL-3 SL-4 TOTALS SOLAR OBSERVATIONS 28739 FRAMES 74942 FRMS 73366 FRMS 177047 FRMS EARTH OBSERVATIONS FILM 9846 FRAMES 16800 FRMS 19400 FRMS 46146 FRMS MAGNETIC TAPE 45000 FT 93600 FT 100000 FT 238600 FT ====================================================================== SKYLAB SUMMARY (CONCLUDED) EXPERIMENT SUMMARY PLANNED ACTUAL PERCENT DEVIATION Earth Observation Passes 62 99 + 60 % Solar Viewing Time 566 hrs 724.7 hrs + 27.5 % Manned Solar Viewing Time 879.5 hrs 941.3 hrs + 7.1 % Biomedical Investigations 701 922 + 32 % Engineering/Tech Inves. 264 245 - 3.4 % Materials/Space Manuf. Inves. 10 32 +220 % Astrophysics Investigations 168 345 +105 % Student Exp. Investigations 44 52 + 18 % Science Demonstrations 26 11 - 42 % (OPTIONAL SL-4 ONLY) CONSUMABLE UTILIZATION LAUNCH END OF MISSION CONSUMABLES USED Water 6000 LBS 1710 LBS 4290 LBS Oxygen 6100 LBS 2764 LBS 3336 LBS Nitrogen 1540 LBS 607 LBS 933 LBS TACS 80000 LBS-SEC 12488 LBS 67512 LBS-SEC Note: over 12% of the TACS were used during the first 10 days of the missionReferences: 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 33 , 60 .