Soviet Reconnsats - Soviet reconnaissance satellites. Top row: Zenit-2, Zenit-4, Advanced Zenit with aerodynamic orientation; Middle Row: Yantar 1K, Yantar 2K, Orlets-1 with multiple return capsules; bottom row, Buran-serviced pallet-based satellite; Yantar 4KS electrooptical 21,799 bytes. 340 x 332 pixels.

The Yantar-2K was not capable of providing strategic warning of attack. Therefore three additional variants were developed, one of them the detailed electro-optical and operational reconnaissance satellite Yantar-4KS. The draft project on completed on 1 July 1977 based on a May 1977 draft project designated Yantar-6KS. A resolution of the chief designers dated 1 July 1977 began work on the project; this was confirmed by decree # 7-3 of the Soviet Ministers and Communist Party Central Committee dated 4 January 1978. The spacecraft was designed to relay visual and infrared band images via a digital data link to the planned Potok-Luch GKRSS satellite system. There were two phases to the project plan. The first phase spacecraft, the Yantar-4KS1, would be launched by the Soyuz-U2 launch vehicle. Phase 2 would be the more capable Yantar-4KS2, launched by the more powerful Zenit launch vehicle, with flight trials to begin in 1983. The Yantar-4KS2 was required by the Ministry of Defence to have the same capabilities as the KH-11/Crystal reconnaissance satellite of the United States.

Development was slow because of the state of Soviet digital electronics technology. It was finally concluded that the capabilities of the KH-11 could not be duplicated in the basic Yantar satellite bus. Accordingly a resolution of 1 June 1983 terminated work on the Yantar-4KS2 and directed that an modernised Yantar-4KS1 be developed instead. The KH-11 requirement was taken up as the new Arkon-1 satellite.

Total Mass: 13,000 kg.

• 451 - Sorokin, V, Novosti kosmonavtiki, "Yantarnaya istoriya-2", No. 11, 1999, p. 71..