Solid Propellant Tables

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Solid Propellant Tables

Calculated Variation In Adiabatic Combustion Temperature
For An Oxygen Reaction With Certain Elements
As Reported By Grosse

oxidizer~2
Atomic Number Atomic Weight Element Temperature of Combustion deg R Heating Number Value BTU/LB

1 ~1 hydrogen ~5,400 ~52

2 ~4 helium inert

3 ~7 lithium ~4,700 ~18

4 ~9 beryllium ~7,900 ~28

5 ~10 boron ~5,400 ~26

6 ~12 carbon ~3,700 ~14

7 ~14 nitrogen ~( 2,200) quasi-inert with O

8 ~16 oxygen .......... oxidizer

9 ~19 fluorine .......... oxidizer

10 ~20 neon .......... inert

11 ~23 sodium ~3,800 ~4

12 ~24 magnesium ~6,100 ~11

13 ~27 aluminum ~7,000 ~13

14 ~28 silicium ~4,600 ~12

15 ~31 phosphorus ~(2,400) ~11

16 ~32 sulphur ~(1,800) ~4

17 ~35 chlorine ~(400) oxidizer

18 ~40 argon .......... inert

19 ~39 potassium ~3,100 ~2

20 ~40 calcium ~6,900 ~7

21 ~45 scandium ~7,100 ~8

22 ~48 titanium ~6,000 ~9

23 ~51 vanadium ~6,000 ~7

24 ~52 chromium ~6,000 ~6

25 ~55 manganese ~6,200 ~5

26 ~56 iron ~5,500 ~4

27 ~59 cobalt ~(4,300) ~3

28 ~59 nickel ~(3,000) ~2

29 ~64 copper ~2,200 ~1

30 ~65 zinc ~4,000 ~3

31 ~70 gallium ~4,900 ~3

32 ~73 germanium ~5,600 ~3

33 ~75 arsenic ~(3,000) ~3

34 ~79 selenium ~(1,700) ~3

35 ~80 bromine ~(400)

36 ~84 krypton ~....... inert

37 ~85 rubidium ~2,900 ~1

38 ~88 strontium ~6,400 ~2

39 ~89 yttrium ~7,400 ~3

40 ~91 zirconium ~8,700 ~4

41 ~93 niobium ~7,300 ~3

42 ~96 molybdenum ~5,500 ~2

43 ~99 technetium ~........ ~1

44 ~101 rubidium ~........ ~1

45 ~103 rhodium ~........ ~1

46 ~106 palladium ~1,300. .~1

47 ~108 silver ~1,200 ~1

48 ~112 cadmium ~3,100 ~1

49 ~115 indium ~4,100 ~1

50 ~119 tin ~4,900 ~2,5

51 ~122 antimony ~3,100 ~2

52 ~128 tellurium .......... ~2

53 ~127 iodine .......... ~1

54 ~131 xenon .......... inert

55 ~133 cesium ~2,700 ~1

56 ~137 barium ~5,400

57 to 71 : rare earths

72 ~178 hafnium ~8,700

73 ~181 tantalum ~(7,600)

74 ~184 tungsten ~5,800

75 ~186 rhenium ~(4,000)

76 ~190 osmium ~(1,800)

77 ~193 iridium ~(1,400)

78 ~195 platinum ~800

79 ~197 gold ~600

80 ~201 mercury ~1,000

81 ~204 thallium ~(2,000)

82 ~207 lead ~3,200

83 ~209 bismuth ~3,600

84 ~210 polonium ~(2,100)

85 ~210 astatine ~(1,000)

86 ~222 radon ......... inert

87 ~223 francium ~2,400

88 ~226 radium ~4,500

89 ~227 actinium ~7,000

90 ~232 thorium ~9,000

Atomic Number	Atomic Weight	Element	Temperature of Combustion deg R	Heating Number Value BTU/LB
1	~1	hydrogen	~5,400	~52
2	~4	helium	inert
3	~7	lithium	~4,700	~18
4	~9	beryllium	~7,900	~28
5	~10	boron	~5,400	~26
6	~12	carbon	~3,700	~14
7	~14	nitrogen	~( 2,200)	quasi-inert with O
8	~16	oxygen	..........	oxidizer
9	~19	fluorine	..........	oxidizer
10	~20	neon	..........	inert
11	~23	sodium	~3,800	~4
12	~24	magnesium	~6,100	~11
13	~27	aluminum	~7,000	~13
14	~28	silicium	~4,600	~12
15	~31	phosphorus	~(2,400)	~11
16	~32	sulphur	~(1,800)	~4
17	~35	chlorine	~(400)	oxidizer
18	~40	argon	..........	inert
19	~39	potassium	~3,100	~2
20	~40	calcium	~6,900	~7
21	~45	scandium	~7,100	~8
22	~48	titanium	~6,000	~9
23	~51	vanadium	~6,000	~7
24	~52	chromium	~6,000	~6
25	~55	manganese	~6,200	~5
26	~56	iron	~5,500	~4
27	~59	cobalt	~(4,300)	~3
28	~59	nickel	~(3,000)	~2
29	~64	copper	~2,200	~1
30	~65	zinc	~4,000	~3
31	~70	gallium	~4,900	~3
32	~73	germanium	~5,600	~3
33	~75	arsenic	~(3,000)	~3
34	~79	selenium	~(1,700)	~3
35	~80	bromine	~(400)
36	~84	krypton	~.......	inert
37	~85	rubidium	~2,900	~1
38	~88	strontium	~6,400	~2
39	~89	yttrium	~7,400	~3
40	~91	zirconium	~8,700	~4
41	~93	niobium	~7,300	~3
42	~96	molybdenum	~5,500	~2
43	~99	technetium	~........	~1
44	~101	rubidium	~........	~1
45	~103	rhodium	~........	~1
46	~106	palladium	~1,300.	.~1
47	~108	silver	~1,200	~1
48	~112	cadmium	~3,100	~1
49	~115	indium	~4,100	~1
50	~119	tin	~4,900	~2,5
51	~122	antimony	~3,100	~2
52	~128	tellurium	..........	~2
53	~127	iodine	..........	~1
54	~131	xenon	..........	inert
55	~133	cesium	~2,700	~1
56	~137	barium	~5,400
57 to 71		:		rare earths
72	~178	hafnium	~8,700
73	~181	tantalum	~(7,600)
74	~184	tungsten	~5,800
75	~186	rhenium	~(4,000)
76	~190	osmium	~(1,800)
77	~193	iridium	~(1,400)
78	~195	platinum	~800
79	~197	gold	~600
80	~201	mercury	~1,000
81	~204	thallium	~(2,000)
82	~207	lead	~3,200
83	~209	bismuth	~3,600
84	~210	polonium	~(2,100)
85	~210	astatine	~(1,000)
86	~222	radon	.........	inert
87	~223	francium	~2,400
88	~226	radium	~4,500
89	~227	actinium	~7,000
90	~232	thorium	~9,000

Some double-base propellant compositions:

J.P. powder:
Nitrocellulose(13.25%N2): 52.2%
Nitroglycerin: 43.0%
Diethyl phthalate: 3.0%
Diphenylamine: 0.6%
Potassium Nitrate(saltpeter): 1.1%
Nigrosine: 0.1%

J.P.N. powder:
Nitrocellulose(13.25%N2): 51.50%
Nitroglycerin: 43.00%
Diethyl phthalate: 3.00%
Ethyl centralite: 1.00%
Potassium sulfate: 1.25%
Carbon black: 0.20%
Candelilla wax: 0.05%

Slow burning powder:
Nitrocellulose(12.2%N2): 56.5%
Nitroglycerin: 28.5%
Dinitrotoluene: 11.0%
Ethyl centralite: 4.4%
Candelilla wax: 0.1%

---------------------------------------------------
Relative value of Specific Impulse:
Black powder:-----------------------~125 sec.
Double-base:------------------------~200 sec.
Cellulose acetate+ammonium nitrate: ~175 sec.
Asphalt+ammonium perchlorate:-------~180 sec.
Polysulfide+ ":---------------------~200 sec.
Polyurethane+":---------------------~225-230 sec.
Polybutadiene+ ":-------------------~230-235 sec.
Polyurethane+ Aluminum + " :--------~240 sec.
Polybutadiene+ Aluminum + ":--------~245 sec.
PBAA + Aluminum + ":----------------~250 sec.
Composite/double-base:--------------~275 sec.
---------------------------------------------------

List Of Ingredients Used In Double-Base Propellants

Plasticizer (Fuel And Oxidizer) --NG: nitroglycerin --TMETN: trimethylolethane trinitrate --TEGDN: triethylene glycol dinitrate --DEGDN: diethylene glycol dinitrate

Plasticizer (Fuel) --DEP: diethylphtalate --TA: triacetine --PU: polyurethane

Binder (Fuel And Oxidizer) --NC: nitrocellulose

Stabilizer --EC: ethyl centralite --2NDPA: 2-nitrodiphenilamine

Burning Rate Catalyst --PbSa: lead salicylate --PbSt: lead stearate --Pb2EH: lead 2-ethylhexoate --CuSa: copper salicylate --CuSt: copper stearate --LiF: lithium fluoride

High Energy Additive --RDX: cyclotrimethylene trinitramine --HMX: cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine --NGD: nitroguanidine

Coolant --OXM: oxamide

Opacifier --C: carbon black

Flame Supressant --KNO3: potassium nitrate (saltpeter) --K2SO4: potassium sulfate

Metal Fuel --Al: aluminum

Combustion Instability Suppressant --Al: aluminum --Zr: zirconium --ZrC: zirconium carbide

List Of Ingredients Used For Composite Propellants

Oxidizer
--AP: ammonium perchlorate
--AN: ammonium nitrate
--NP: nitronium perchlorate
--KP: potassium perchlorate
--RDX: cyclotrimethylene trinitramine
--HMX: cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine

Binder
--PS: polysulfide
--PVC: polyvinyl chloride
--PU: polyurethane
--CTPB: carboxyl terminated polybutadiene
--HTPB: hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene

Curing And/Or Crosslinking Agents
--PQD: paraquinone dioxime
--TDI: toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
--MAPO: tris(1-(2-methyl) aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
--ERLA-O51O: N,N,O-tri (1,2-epoxy propyl)-4-aminophenol
--IPDI: isophorone diiosocyanate

Bonding Agent
--MAPO: tris( 1-(2-methyl) aziridinyl) phosphine oxide
--TEA: triethanolamine
--MT-4: adduct of 2.0 moles MAPO, 0.7 mole azipic acid,
.........and 0.3 mole tararic acid

Plasticizer
--DOA: dioctyl adipate
--IDP: isodecyl pelargonete
--DOP: dioctyl phthalate

Burning Rate Catalyst
--Fe2O3: ferric oxide
--FeO(OH): hydrated ferric oxide
--nBF: n-butyl ferrocene
--DnBF: di-n-butyl ferrocene
--LiF: lithium fluoride

Metal Fuel
--Al: aluminum
--Mg: magnesium
--Be: beryllium
--B: boron

Combustion Instability Suppressant
--Al: aluminum
--Zr: zirconium
--ZrC: zirconium carbide

THERMOPLASTIC BINDERS

Binder Oxidiser Agency Process

Plasticised 50/50 KNO2/Ammonium Monsanto Compression Picrate Formed Ethyl Cellulose

Polyisobutylene British Compression Formed

Polyvinyl Acetate Ammonium Nitrate Still Limited Use

Polyvinyl Chloride Mix, cast, high temp

THERMOSET BINDERS

Polyester Ammonium Perchlorate Aerojet Cast, cure, cartridge load Potassium Perchlorate (Aeroplex)

Polysulfide Ammonium Perchlorate JPL/Thiokol Cast in case /case bonded

Butadiene Ammonium Nitrate Phillips Petroleum Extruded-cartridge

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Last update 12 March 2001.
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© Mark Wade, 2001 .